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(2)();。(3)—,()。(4),。(5)(),,()。:[1] ,..:,1989:98～102[2] []...:,1982:73～76[3] 《》..:,1976:139( ):张 峥,,1965。( 100083)、。。6。20。张海英,,1971。。田永江,,1937。。钟群鹏,,1934。、,。:1004-132Ⅹ(2001)03-0339-04A/O——A/O工艺、非稳态理论与多级A/O理论之间的关系 王 涛 楼上游 :分别介绍了A/O工艺、非稳态理论与多级A/O理论的概要;着重阐述了三者之间的关系,以及建立在A/O理论和非稳态理论基础之上的多级A/O理论实现的可能性和可行性,最后提出了多级A/O理论尚存的问题。:A/O;;A/O;;P;;:X502 :A ,。A/O,。A/O,A/O。A/O。1 A/O工艺1.1 A/O—(anoxic-oxic):2000—08—31A/O,A/O。,。2。,,,;,,,,,,,,。A/O,-,CODBOD。·339·A/O——A/O、A/O—— 1.2 A/OA/O,A/O,:(1)A-A/O工艺 ——。A/O,,,,COD、BOD、N、P。(2)O/A工艺 —。A/O,,,,。BOD,,。(3)O-A/O工艺 ——。A/O,A/O,,。(4)A1-A2/O1-O2工艺 22。。2 非稳态理论,,、、,。Stefan,“”,,“”,、;Loosdrecht,,,,“—”,[1]。3 多级A/O理论3.1 A/OA/O,。、A/O、SBRBiolak,,A/O:A/O①A/O,A/O,A/O,。②A/O,———……—,A/O,-。A/O。A/O(BiolacBiolak[2]),。,:、、、、()(1)[3]。,,。,、,,,,,,,,。,。1. 2. 3. 4.1 /,,DO,,A/O。,,,(2)。—,A/O,A/O,。·340·12320013a. b.2 A/OEn=1-(1-E)n(1),En;EA/O;nA/O。3.2 A/O,A/O,A/O,,,———……—,,—。A/O—。,:①();②;③;④()。①、④,。②、③。,1,,,,。(_)(θ)。_=1/θ(2)_1/θ,。,,。,(:),,。,_≥1/θ,A/O。A/O,,20,;,3,,_≥1/θ。,。/,,,DO。,DO,0.5～1.5mg/L。/0.1～0.15dkgBOD/kgMLSS,、C/N。SBR,SBRDO0.5～1mg/L,(),/。:,12h,()8h,MLSS7589mg/L,25d,21℃。3[4]。3,,。A/O,。,,,,,。,A/O,。3.3 A/OA/O,“,”。。·341·A/O——A/O、A/O—— [1](S0-S)/Xvt=K(S/S0)(3),S;S0;Xv;K。,A/O(15)(0.03～0.2dkgBOD/kgMLSS)。,1。1 A/ONsXRtm0.2～0.51.0～2.520～506～80.3～0.62.5～4.5100～5003～50.2～0.61～3*3～7**50～1001～2*2～5**0.21.5～3.530～10010～36A/O0.03～0.21.5～5.050～15010～36,Ns,kgBOD5/kgMLSS·d;X,kg/m3;R,%;tm,h。*;**。A/O,DOORP。,,。,。4 多级A/O工艺理论待确定的关键问题4.1 A/O。(),、,SBR,A/O,DO0.5mg/L～1.5mg/LA/O;A/O,v。vS:,vS,A/O,v-S。v-S,,、。4.2 ,P。A/O,P1∶100BOD。P,P,P,A/O,P,A2/OAnaerobic,P。A/O,P,A/O,,P。A/OPP,。,PP。5 结语,A/OA/O。N,,A/O,DO,P。:[1] ,,..,1999(10):13～16[2] AssessmentoftheBiolacTechnology,Environ-mentalProtectionAgency,Washington,DC,U.S.Depart-mentofCommerceNTIS,1990.[3] ,.-A/O.,1999(6):17～19[4] ./.,1999(6):58～60[5] WWesleyEckenfelder.IndustrialWaterPollutionControl,secondedtion.Jr.McGraw-HillBookCompa-ny,NewYork,1989:171～180( ):王 涛,,1974。( 100044)。。6。楼上游,,1960。、、。·342·12320013plesforexplainingtheproblemsoccuredinGTimplemen-tationinChinesemanufacturingindustryinthe60～70softhe20thcentury.Itispointedoutthattheseproblemswillbesolvedbythemass-customizationproduction.Inaddition,thepaperalsoproposesthatthemass-cus-tomizationproductionmodelshouldbeconsistedofmodu-larizationofproductdesign,specializationofmanufactur-ing,netshapedproductionorganizationandmanagement,andfinallythecompanieswillmovetowardtobevirtualcorporationsforagilemanufacturing.Keywords:grouptechnology mass-customiza-tionproduction agilemanufacturing virtualcorpo-rationJobShopManagementSystemBasedonCostControl SUNShudong(NorthwesternPolytechnicalUniversity,Xi′an,China) DENGWeimin XIEGuiliangp322-323,345Abstract:CostcontrolsystemhasbecomeoneofthemostimportantsystemsinthemanagementinformationsystemofaChineseenterprisebecauseofthemarkete-conomygrowthsorapidlyinChina.AspartoftheCIMSprojectofXi'anAero-EngineCorporation(XAE-CIMS),thepaperdevelopedanintegratedcostcontrolsystemforajobshopofXAE.Basedontheanalysisoftheexistingcostcontrolmethodinthejobshop,theau-thorsdesignedthefunctionandinformationmodelofthecostcontrolsystem.Greateffortshavebeenputontheinformationintegrationofthecostcontrolsystemwiththeotherpartofmanagementsystemofthejobshop.Suchas,itcanshareinformationwiththeplanningsub-system,toolmanagementsubsystem,inventorycontrolsubsystem,andequipmentmanagementsubsystemofthejobshopmanagementsystem.ThecostcontrolsystemisdevelopedonC/Smode.TheauthorsuseDelphi4.0asthedesktopdevelopingtoolandSQLServer7.0asthedatabasemanagementsystem.TheOSoftheserverandclientsareWindowsNT4.0andWindows98,respective-ly.Runningresultsshowthatthesystemcanmeettherequirementsofcostcontrolofthejobshop.Keywords:CIMS costcontrol productionplanningTransformingTraditionalMaterialsbyMeansofHighandAdvancedTechnology MAMingtu(ChongqingAutomobileResearchInstitute,Chongqing,China)p324-327Abstract:Mainprogressesintransformingtraditionalmaterialsbymeansofhighandadvancedtechnologyinthepasttwentyyearsarereviewedinthispaper.Thepro-gressesincludetheincreasinginproductivityandperfor-manceofthematerialsindustry,theimprovinginqualityandthedecreasinginpriceofmaterials.Thenewproper-tiesandapplicationsoftraditionalmaterialsandautomo-bilepartsendowedwiththehighandnewtechnologyareexplainedbysometypicalexamples.Newbusinessoppor-tunities,abrightfutureofapplication,greatprogressesandbenefitingoftheworld’spopulationsocietycreatedbythetriumphsofmaterialsprocessingarerevealedtoo.Keywords:highandadvancedtechnology tradi-tionalmaterial manufacturingtechnology automo-bileindustryMicrostructureSimulationofAlAlloywithCellularAu-tomatonMethod XUQingyan(TsinghuaUniversity,Beijing,China) LIUBaichengp328-331Abstract:Microstructuresimulationofaluminumal-loycastingwascarriedoutbyCellularAutomatonmodel.Continuousnucleationmodelwasusedtodescribehetero-geneousnucleationoftheliquidmetal.Gaussdistributionfunctionwasemployedtodescribetherelationbetweenthedensityofnucleationsitesandthetemperatureandwasintegratedtogetthegraindensityatagivenunder-cooling.Dendri