洱海湖滨带植被特征及其影响因素分析

J．LakeSci．2011235738-746http//[e-mail]2011byJournalofLakeSciences*1212121114300772430077200951234710814515、75、15、7、26Salixcavaleriei、Zizanialatifo-lia、TrapanatansPotamogetonmaackianus158%912．5kgFW/m2Margalef1．8706．10、、、．．FeaturesofaquaticvegetationandtheinfluencefactorsinErhailakeshorewetlandLIEnhua12WANGXuelei12CAIXiaobin12WANGXiaoyan1＆ZHAOSuting11InstituteofGeodesyandGeophysicsChineseAcademyofSciencesWuhan430077P．R．China2KeyLaboratoryofMonitoringandEstimateforEnvironmentandDisasterofHubeiProvinceWuhan430077P．R．ChinaAbstractThevascularflorainLakeErhaiwetlandwasinvestigatedfromMaytoDecemberin2009andwefound145speciesbe-longedto108generain47familiesincluding15treesandshrubs75hygrophytes15emergentmacrophytes26submergedmac-rophytes7floating-leavedandfloatingplantsrespectively．Thewetlandheld15communitiessuchasSalixcavalerieiZizanialatifoliaTrapanatansandPotamogetonmaackianuscomm．Aquaticvegetationcoveredabout8%oftotalwaterareaofthelakeandtheaveragespeciesnumberandbiomasswere9and12．5kgFW/m2inexploringsitesrespectively．RichnessindexofMargalefspecieswas1．8706insubmergedmacrophytezone．Analysiswithcombinationsofexistingdataindicatedthatplantdiver-sityincreasedafterenhancingmanagementandlakeshorewetlandrestorationintherecenttenyearsandimprovedthesituationofplantdiversitydecreasinginthenorthernlake．Howevermanyproblemsstillexistinthelakeshorewetlandsuchasnarrowlake-shoreareasmonotonousemergentmacrophyteinthecommunitylowcoverageofaquaticvegetationandtheinherentfloraingredi-enttoberestored．Inordertoimprovefunctionsofthelakeshorewetlandtoincreasewatertransparencyandtoadvancethecover-ageofaquaticvegetationwestronglysuggestconstructingthebufferareas．KeywordsLakeErhailakeshorewetlandecologicalrestorationaquaticplantevolution．、1．．、、、、*2008ZX07[e-mail]．739、、、2．、、3．4-5．．．1950s1990s“”、10．2009．1Fig．1ThesamplingsitesdistributioninErhailakeshorewetlandaquaticvegetationinvestigation125°36'-25°58'N100°06'-100°18'E．42．5km8．4km10．6m251．3km227．4×108m3．127．9km1974m2．1．115610．15．1℃．1048mm．、、、6．2、20095、8125111974．3m、12m34m55m×5m、、、51m×1m、、、51m×1m、、、、20m×20cm、．Mar-galefD=S1/lnNSNGPS1974．3m．740J．LakeSci．201123533．16-1147108145Gramineae1922、Compositae1313、Cyperaceae614、Hydrocharitaceae55、Scrophulariaceae45、Leguminosae44Polygonaceae25．Potamogeton12、Heleocharis5、Cyperus4Polygonum4515、7、7、26、7515．Zizanialatifolia、Phragmitesaustralis、HeleocharisdulcisTyphaorientalisAcoruscalamus、IriswilsoniiLythrumsalicariaNelumbonucifera．Potamogetondistinctus、Polygonumamphibium、TrapanatansNymphoidespeltatumNymphaeatetragona．EichhorniacrassipesHydrocharisdubia、Marsileaquadrifolia、AzollaimbricataSalvinianatans．Potamogetoncrispus、P．maackianus、P．malaianus、P．pectinatus、P．perfoliatus、HydrillaverticillataVallisneriasp．．Zannichelliapalustris、Blyxajaponica、BatrachiumbungeiLimnophylasessilifo-liaOtteliaacuminata．、、．2Fig．2ComparisonofthenumberofspeciesindifferentsamplingsitesofErhailakeshorewetlandSalixcavaleriei、Ficusaltissima、RosamultifloraAlbiziasimeonisGlyptostrobuspensilis、Metasequoiaglyptostroboides、Bougainvilleaspectabilis、Sophoraxanthantha、LagerstroemiaindiaEucalyptusrobustaSalixvariegata．114927538056gFW/m212．5kgFW/m231174115．2kgFW/m2、816．4、1116．3、、1016．2．3Fig．3ComparisonofthebiomassindifferentsamplingsitesofErhailakeshorewetlandMargalef1．87064．4MargalefFig．4ComparisonofMargalefspeciesrichnessindicesindifferentsamplingsitesofErhailakeshorewetland3．215、、、5．3．2．156m200m1944．7%70%14%Taxodiumascendens、Salixsp．、Salixsp．、PopulusCanadensis、39．8%67．6%10%5．55m×5m13．6cm．．3．2．2、18%100%、Leersiahexandra、Alternantheraphiloxeroides、、Polygonumhy-dropiper．742J．LakeSci．201123552009Fig．5SketchmapoftheaquaticvegetationdistributionofLakeErhai2009．3．2．31、、、、Ceratophyllumdemersum、、、Myriophyllumspicatum、Potamogetonmalaianus．2、、、、、、、30%70%140690g/m2．34002645gFW/m2、、、、、．、．3．2．41、、、663029950gFW/m2、、、Potamoge-tonlucens．7432、、9306580gFW/m2300440gFW/m2、、、Najasmarina、、．399506000gFW/m2、、、．4、、、、6150、2979、2347gFW/m2、、、、、、．5、、4148、2621、1490gFW/m2、、、、、．6、．、、3000、1530、1000gFW/m2、、、、、Potamogetonintortifolius、．7Utriculariaaurea、、2689gFW/m21125gFW/m2521gFW/m2、、、、、、、Hydrocharisdubia．8、、4788、1990、571gFW/m2、、、、、．93550gFW/m221481980gFW/m21048gFW/m2、505gFW/m2、480g/m275gFW/m2．41950s、1990s“”、“”/、、“”、、、、、．．．195212-13195219741974．05m．1970s19821971．10m1975198282．99m．19832003211972．63m．20041972．60m744J．LakeSci．20112351974．30m20081973．97m6．619522009Fig．6AnnualvariationofmeanwaterlevelinLakeErhaifrom1952to2009、、、、1980s、、19571997204．1102003．2004ⅡⅢ14．、、、、15“”、1990s1．1．47108145261、、Tab．1ComparisonoftheamountinfamiliesgeneraandspeciesofaquaticvegetationindifferentphasesofLakeErhai197761930401535413①19837172432133448①1986826446119761118①19969192635124568②199710——451357911②199811661313————①20094710814526771575③①②③15．745771575“”．、P．compressus．．2．151990s9-11LeersiahexandraPolygonumlapathifolium、、1116、、1980s．3．、2．15、．13．1%59%16．．8%20%30%．“”163．2Tab．2ComparisonofbiomassanddistributionareaofaquaticvegetationindifferentphasesofLake