洱海流域湖泊生态系统健康综合评价与比较

2012,32(4)715~720ChinaEnvironmentalScience1,2,1*,1,1,2,1,2,1(1.,,4300722.,100049)200953,(EHI)(TSI).:,;:,;,.2:,(EHI).,,EHI20,1997.X826A10006923(2012)04071506Comprehensiveassessmentandcomparisonoflakes’ecosystemhealthinErhaiwatershed.ZHANGHong-ye1,2,CAIQing-hua1*,TANGTao1,WANGXing-zhong1,2,YANGShun-yi1,2,KONGLing-hui1(1.StateKeyLaboratoryofFreshwaterEcologyandBiotechnology,InstituteofHydrobiology,ChineseAcademyofSciences,Wuhan430072,China2.GraduateUniversityofChineseAcademyofSciences,Beijing100049,China)ChinaEnvironmentalScience,2012,32(4)715~720AbstractTheEcosystemHealthIndex(EHI)andTrophicStateIndex(TSI)wereusedtoassesstheecosystemhealthandeutrophicstatusofErhaiLakeandthreesmalllakes(Haixihai,CibihuandXihu)inErhaiwatershed.AccordingtothefieldsurveycarriedoutinMay2009,alllakesinErhaiwatershedwereinaneutrophicstatus(averagedTSI=53.9)andinaworseecosystemshealthstatus(averagedEHI=38.3).FurtheranalysisfoundthattheEHIhasahighspatialvariabilityamongandbetweenthelakesinErhaiwatershed.Haixihailake(EHI=42.7)andCibihulake(EHI=42.1)hadamedianscoreofEHI;however,Xihulake(EHI=33.5)andErhailake(EHI=37.9)hadalowerscoreofEHI.AmongErhailake,thenorthandcentralregionhadahigherscoreofEHIthantheotherregions.AcomparisonbetweenEHIandTSIinassessinglakeecosystem’sstatusrevealedthatlakesinErhaiwatershedbelongtotheresponseecosystemthatbasicallyshowsapositivecorrelationbetweennutrientandbiomass,andtheEHIisagoodindexinassessingecosystemhealthoflakesinErhaiwatershed.Inaddition,theEHIwasusedtoassesstheecosystemhealthofErhailakeinthepast20years.TheresultindicatedthatecosystemhealthofErhailakeisdegrading.Theworstecosystemstatewasobservedin1997,withaEHIvalueof36.7.KeywordsErhaiwatershedplateaulakeecosystemhealthtrophicstateassessmentspatialvariability[1].,,,,,[2].2070,[3],[4].,20110729(2008ZX0752600207)*,,[e-mail]71632[5],.,[6].,,[7].(25°25N~26°16N,99°32E~100°27E),,[8].,,,[9].20,,,,,[1011].(EHI)20095();,20,.11.1,,,2565km2,.,[12].(1).2.24km2,4km,1.6km,10m,16m,;8km2,3m,32m,,6km,3km;;4.66km2,8.3m,2~3m,,[1213].20095.,18,32.1.km14Fig.1ThesamplingsitesofthefourlakesinErhaiwatershed1.224:5L5L,610mLa(chl.a);1220mL,48h,;610mL,,pH2,,,(SAN++,Skalar).5L30L,25,,.[14];a[15];[1519].1.3(EHI)[20],,4717(BA),(BZ)(BZ)(BA)(BZ/BA)(Ex)(Exst);5(EHIi)(i)[21];[22](EHI).1EHIEHIniii(1):EHI;n,n=5;EHIii;ii,[23]:221ilinilirr(2):riliBA.,BA,BZBZ/BA;ExExst(3)(4)[24]:1ExWBmiii(3)i1tBExstWBmii(4):Ex,J/L;Exst,J/mg;m,m=3;Wii,J/mg;Bii,mg/l;Bt,mg/l.,20163232[25].(EHIi)[22]:EHI(BA)10[5.24250.94948ln(BA)]EHI(BZ)10[5.14410.7593ln(BZ)]EHI(BZ/BA)10[4.87430.7351ln(BZ/BA)]EHI(Ex)10[9.06470.782ln(Ex)]EHI(Exst)10[0.38890.0653ln(Exst)](5)(TSI)Carlson[26],a(Chl.a)(g/L)(SD)(m)(TP)(g/L)3,,[27]:TSI(Chl.)9.81ln(Chl.)30.6aaTSI(SD)6014.42ln(SD)TSI(TP)14.42ln(TP)4.15TSI0.540TSI(Chl.)0.297TSI(SD)0.163TSI(TP)a(6)1.4ArcGIS10.0,EHITSISPSS16.0LinearRegression,EHIORIGIN7.5.22.1EHI,20095,2.2,EHI40~60,[22],;EHI20~40,.18EH01REH02EH03EH04REHI40~60,,14EHI20~40,,(EH02EH03)(EH01R)(EH04R),.2.2,,.3.TSI:TSI40,40TSI50,50TSI70,TSI70[2829],,.71832EHI0~2020~4040~6060~8080~100N036121824km2EHIFig.2SpatialdistributionofEHIinthelakesofErhaiwatershedTSI036121824kmTSI4050TSI70TSI7040TSI50N3TSIFig.3SpatialdistributionofTSIinthelakesofErhaiwatershed2.320,,,[9],,[30].,EHI,TSIEHI.42009EHITSI(TSI=0.4737EHI+63.824,R2=0.8146,P0.01),2009,EHI.25303540455035404550556065TSIEHI4TSIEHIFig.4TheregressionrelationshipbetweenTSIandEHIinthelakesofErhaiwatershed2.4120Tab.1Biomassofphytoplanktonandzooplanktonduringthepast20yearsinErhaiLake(mg/L)(mg/L)(mg/L)19871.1840.1531.445[31]19921.13370.25481.3365[31]19974.65820.01730.5235[31]20093.91410.65790.12831.EHI,20,5.5,20,,19871992EHI40~60,;199747192009EHI20~40,.32343638404244EHI19871992199720095EHIFig.5EHIvalueofErhaiLakeindifferentyears36:,6[32].EHI,6,[20,22],[33];TSIchl.a,[27],,.EHITSI,,(EHI),.,,[11,3435].,2009,,[9].20,,[11].1987,20,19962003,;2004,,[36],,2009,,,,,.4(EHI).:;2009,;20,,,1997.,,,,,,.[1]ConstanzaR,D’ArgeR,DeGrootR,etal.Thevalueoftheworld’secosystemservicesandnaturalcapital[J].Nature,1997,389:253260.[2],,,.:[J].,2001,21(12):21062116.72032[3]KaiserJ.Gettingahandleonecosystemhealth[J].Science,1997,276(5314):887.[4],,.[J].,2002,22(6):525529.[5]RapportDJ.Ecosystemhealth:Exploringtheterritory[J].EcosystemHealth,1995,1(1):513.[6]WestmanWE.Whatarenature’sservicesworth[J].Sciences,1997,197:960963.[7],,,.[J].,2004,24(4):723729.[8],,,.[J].,2004,24(6):717721.[9],,,.[J].,2005,26(5):3842.[10],,,.[J].,2004,32(1):99102.[11],,,.[J].,2011,31(7):11921196.[12].[M].:,2003.[13],,,.[J].,2011,30(8):16961702.[14].——(CERN)[M].:,2007:29110.[15],.[M].:,1991:252269.[16].[M].:,1961:21282.[17]..:,1997:25152.[18],.——[M].:,1979.[19].——[M].:,1979.[20]XuFL,ZhaoYZ,ZhanW,etal.Anecosystemhealthindexmethodology(EHIM)forlakeecosystemhealthassessment[J].EcologicalModelling,2005,188(24):327339.[21],,,.[J].,2012().[22],,,.[J].,2005,25(6):14661474.[23]CalvoS,BaroneR,NaselliL.LimnologicalstudiesonlakesandreservoirsofSicily[J].NaturalistaSicil,1993,XVII(Supplement