洱海主要污染物允许排放总量的控制分配

J．LakeSci．(湖泊科学)，2013，25(5):665-673．jlakes．org．E-mail:[e-mail]2013byJournalofLakeSciences*卫志宏，唐雄飞，杨振祥，吕兴菊，孟良，朱江，窦嘉顺，杨四坤671000EFDCEnvironmentalFluidDynamicCode．2001201111．．、、、CODMn47%、53%49%．．EFDCAllocationofmajorpollutantsloadsforLakeErhaiWEIZhihongTANGXiongfeiYANGZhenxiangLXingjuMENGLiangZHUJiangDOUJiashun＆YANGSikunResearchCenterofLakeErhaiDali671000P．R．ChinaAbstractAthree-dimensionalhydrodynamicandwaterqualitymodelhasbeendevelopedforLakeErhaianditsadjacentembay-mentsbasedontheEnvironmentalFluidDynamicCodeEFDC．Themodelwascalibratedandverifiedbyusingthefieldwaterqualitydatamonitoredfrom2001to2011．Thesimulatedresultsareingoodagreementwithobserveddataindicatingthatthemod-elsimulationresultsareaccurateandreliable．Themodelwasappliedtodeterminethecontributingratebyeachwasteloadinflowatvariouswaterqualitycontrolpointsinthelake．Theeffectsofbackgroundwaterqualityconditionwereincludedinthemodelindeterminingtheimpactofeachwasteloadinflow．ThelinearprogrammingSimplexMethodwasusedtocalculatetheoptimalload-ingforeachpollutantsourcewiththeconsiderationofconstraintsonwaterqualitytargetatdifferentwaterqualitycontrolpointsinthelake．TheallocatedpollutantloadforMiqieRiverYong'anRiverandLuoshiRiverinthenorthernregionofthewatershedisthehighestduetohigherflowdischargeandtheamountofallocatedloadsfortotalnitrogentotalphosphorusandCODMnfromthethreeriverstakesupto47%53%and49%ofthetotalloadfortheentireLakeErhaiwatershedrespectively．ThepollutantloadallocationstudycanbeusedtofacilitatethedevelopmentoflakepollutioncontrolstrategiesandtoachievethetargetedwaterqualityobjectivesforLakeErhai．KeywordsLakeErhaiEFDCallocatedloadwaterqualitymodel1．42．5km5．9km1．2565km21974m249．3km20．748km228．80×108m310．6m21．3m127．85km．、、、、117*[e-mail]．(湖泊科学)，2013，25(5)．、、70%1233．58km24．6×108m357．1%18．6%11．4%、、．8×108m320107．65×108m3．“”．．1990sⅡ～ⅢⅢ200379Ⅳ2．．．、、、、、、、CODⅣⅤ、Ⅲ～Ⅳ．．．3、、．4．TMDLTotalMaximumDailyLoads5．Zou6EFDCWASPWissahickon．Wool7NeuseTMDL．．8．9．10———．11．EFDCEnvironmentalFluidDynamicCode．11．1EFDCEnvironmentalFluidDynamicsCodeVIMSVirginiaInstituteofMarineScienceattheCollegeofWilliamandMaryHamrick、、、、12．EFDC100、、．卫志宏等:洱海主要污染物允许排放总量的控制分配6671Fig．1Computationalgridofthree-dimensionalhydrodynamicandwaterqualitymodelandthemonitoringstationsinLakeErhai1．21．2．1EFDC．1013277m409m．5σ．1∶100000．1．、、、、、、、．23“”．1．2．21Tab．1MainparametersofwaterqualitymodelPMC4d－1BMRC0．10d－1WSC0．01m/dWSRP0．03m/dWSLP0．03m/dKRP0．005d－1KLP0．12d－1KDP0．2d－1KRN0．005d－1KDN0．01d－1Nitmax0．01gN/d·m3KLN0．03d－10．020m0．015m．TetraTech13Park141．1．2．36230min/．EFDC．．1．2．4．．．1．2．520022010．、、、、、668J．LakeSci．(湖泊科学)，2013，25(5)．×．15、28．31．3t339．615．6t．19．7t333．2t．1．2．6．102001112011430．22．12．1．116．、2．2abFig．2Simulatedwaterlevelaandlakecapacitybforverificationofthree-dimensionalhydrodynamicandwaterqualitymodelofLakeErhai2．1．23．3Fig．3Flowvelocityverificationofthree-dimensionalhydrodynamicmodelofLakeErhaiwithmeasuredvelocitydataatselectedmonitoringstations2．1．3．4．卫志宏等:洱海主要污染物允许排放总量的控制分配6694Fig．4Watertemperatureverificationofthree-dimensionalhydrodynamicmodelofLakeErhai2．22%～4%．．．10cm/s20cm/s．．．、、．．、．．、、．、．2．3．12001a、BOD5、、．、、、aBOD55．．2．4、、BOD5．．．．、、．、、、．、．、670J．LakeSci．(湖泊科学)，2013，25(5)5Fig．5Waterqualityparameterverificationofthree-dimensionalhydrodynamicmodelofLakeErhai．．a．、．aa．33．1maxL=∑nj=1QjCjs．t．∑nj=1AijCj+Cbi≤Coii=12…m0≤Cj≤Crjj=12…n{1Lg/sQjm3/sCjmg/LAijjiCbii卫志宏等:洱海主要污染物允许排放总量的控制分配671mg/LCoiimg/LCrjjmg/L．Cj．6．6Fig．6FlowchartofwasteloadallocationofLakeErhai7Fig．7Zonecontrolofwaterenvironment2×10－2Tab．2Contributionrateofpollutantloadinflowstolakewaterqualitycontrolpoints10．331．170．0820．281．800．0530．183．430．0440．182．270．0450．161．010．1060．181．300．063．2．mixingzoneⅣⅢⅡ．ⅢⅡ7．215Ⅱ．19822836．、、、、．3．3．．103．19672J．LakeSci．(湖泊科学)，2013，25(5)8Fig．8DistributionofthewaterqualitycontrolpointsandsewageoutfallsinLakeErhai19×264．2．．3．4、CODMn．、、43．———、、、CODMn47%、53%49%．18、CODMn34%、28%30%．、CODMn13%、15%16%．．．．413Tab．3AllowablewasteloadsallocatedfordifferentinflowsourceswithrespecttomajorpollutantsforLakeErhai/t/a/t/aCODMn/t/a680．343．07331．6207．811．02040．1276．911．82463．2191．412．52098．891．63．7795．31448．082．014729．0EFDC．、．2．．3———、、、CODMn卫志宏等:洱海主要污染物允许排放总量的控制分配67347%、53%49%．．4．51．．200533192-198．219962010．2001．3．．200526193-98．4．．19911162-6．5USEPA．Overviewofcurrenttotalmaximumdailyload-TMDL-programandregulations2005．http//．epa．gov/owow/tmdl/intro．html．6ZouRCarterSShoemakerL．Integratedhydrodynamicandwaterqualitymodelingsystemtosupportnutrienttotalmaxi-mumdailyloaddevelopmentforWissahickonCreekPennsylvania．JournalofEnvironmentalEngineer20061324555-566．7WoolTADavieSRRodriguezHN．Developmentofthree-dimensionalhydrodynamicandwaterqualitymodelstosupporttotalmaximumdailyloaddecisionprocessfortheNeuseRiverEstuaryNorthCarolina．JournalofWaterResourcesPlan-ningandManagement20031294295-306．8．．199920496-99．9．．2007273494-500．10．．200619266-70．11．．20031215112-115．12HamrickJM．User'smanualfortheenvironmentalfluiddynamicscomputercodeSpecialRep．331inAppliedMarineSci-en