二噁英类减排的国际动向和我国的战略构想蔡震霄

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25 32006  5   ENVIRONMENTALCHEMISTRYVo.l25,No.3May  2006 *.蔡震霄 黄 俊 张 清 余 刚*(,,,100084)  《》.、、,,. ,,.  《(POPs)》(《》),.《》,,[1].--(PCDDs)(PCDFs),POPs,,,,,[2].  、,.,,.  ,,,、.、.,,,.1   2080.1998,93.9%;,6%;、,,0.1%[3].  19971999,.,[4].,.,5.  (1),、、、.,NGO,,、、,[5].  (2)1999,“”《》(《》);,《》(:《》).《》,;《》.,.  (3):(TDI);,.278        250.6pg-TEQNm-3150pg-TEQg-11pg-TEQl-11000pg-TEQg-1  ,,、.2001.1—2002.112002.12—2001.1—2002.112002.12—4th-10.110.1212—4th-11805140102th-151012050.5205 :ng-TEQNm-3.  (4),,,.:..《》/(BAT/BEP).  (5),《》.[6]..2005,134,、.,.  1999《》,“(1999),199790%”.,《》《》,,.2003,199795.1%,[7],1.1 Fig.1 EffectofdioxinsreductioninJapan  :2010,315—43g-TEQa-1..2   《》,.2080,、、 3:279  .1991,(EPA)、.20049,[8].  ,EPA(Cross-MediaStrategyforDioxin),.EPA,,.  (1),EPA.EPA,、,,、,.,,(IWG).EPA,.、[9].  (2)EPA,95%,.,、,,EPA,.,,.  1989.12,,1990.11,1991.2,BAT1995.10,40tBAT1992.7,、1993.5,,1999.9,、1995.2,(CAA)2000.8,1993.12,(CWA)1998.8,(CWA)  (3),,,、,.,,,,.  ,[10].2.,,,,,;,,,.  ,,(:).3   19761999、,.,,:1985200590%.280        252 Fig.2 EffectofdioxinsreductioninUnitedStates  ,:;;.,.  (1)1999,,.:1);2),;3),(14pgWHO-TEQkg-1/)[11].  (2),,、、、,3.,.,,.  (3)(EIPPCB)(EIPPCB).,.,,.EIPPCBUNEP,BAT/BEP[12].  (4),,、、、.,.,,.,.,,:、.  20,85%,4.TDI,IPPC,,,,. 3:281  4   ,,《》,.  (1),,UNEP《》1062.、,,.  (2),.,.,,.  (3),;,、,.  (4).,.,,(SCR).,,.  (5);.,,.5   ,,.、.,.,.,、,、、、、.  (1)《》,.,.,,.  (2),UNEP《》1062.,,.,,.,:、、、,.  (3),.UNEP《BAT/BEP》.《BAT/BEP》,:、、、.、、.  1992,10.(1)1993,24、、,、、、、、10,.(2)20005,550,16000.(3)2000,21,1、416.(4)200311,《》,282        25.(5)3;10;18.  (4),、,、,、.BAT/BEP,.   [1] UNEPChemicals.StockholmConventiononPersistentOrganicPollutants(POPs)[Z].Geneva:UNEPChemicals.2001[2] ,,,.,2000,(1)∶42—44[3] .12ダイオキシンのの(インベントリ)について.2000[4] ,,100.:,20056[5] ,NGO.1999—2002[6] ,ダイオキシンのをにするののにする.20013[7] MinistryoftheEnvironment,InformationBrochureDioxins2003.2003[8] ,..2001,23(1)∶48[9] USEPA,2002.NESHAP:InterimStandardsforHazardousAirPollutantsforHazardousWasteCombustors(InterimStandardsRule);FinalRule.40CFRPart63[10] USEPA,2000a.PCDD(Dioxins)andPCDF(Furans):SourcesandRegulations(DraftReport).PreparedbyBattelleforUSEnviron-mentalProtectionAgency,GreatLakesNationalProgramOffice.May26,2000[11] UlrichQuass,MichaelFermann,GünterBröker,TheEuropeanDioxinEmissionInventoryStageII,Volume3,AssessmentofDioxinEmissionsuntil2005,Dec2000[12] EuropeanIntegratedPollutionPreventionandControlBureau(EIPPCB),BestAvailableTechniquesReferenceDocumentINTERNATIONALPRACTICESOFDIOXINSREDUCTIONANDPRELIMINARYSTRATEGICIDEASFORDIOXINSREDUCTIONINCHINACAIZhen-xiao  HUANGJun  ZHANGQing  YUGang(POPsResearchCenter,DepartmentofEnvironmentalScienceandEngineering,TsinghuaUniversity,Beijing,100084,China)ABSTRACT  DioxinsreductionisaveryimportantbutdifficultkeypointinimplementingtheStockholmConventiononPersistentOrganicPollutants.ExperiencesfromthesuccessfulpracticesofdioxinsreductioninJapan,theUnitedStatesandtheEuropeanUnionwerereviewedinthispaper.BasedonthelatestinternationalprogressandconsideringtheactualsituationofdioxinsprobleminChina,thepreliminarystrategicideasfordioxinsreductioninChinawasbroughtforward.  Keywords:dioxins,reduction,strategy.

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