反渗透浓水处理现状与研究进展赵春霞

反渗透浓水处理现状与研究进展赵春霞,　顾　平,　张光辉(天津大学环境科学与工程学院,天津300072)　　　:　采用反渗透膜工艺处理污(废)水,会产生约1/3的浓缩水(浓水),浓水中多含有危害人类健康和生态环境的难生物降解有机物质,其污染问题亟待解决。讨论了浓水中的主要污染物,国内外对反渗透浓水的处理途径及方法,分析了各种处理方法的优、缺点,并展望了电化学法处理反渗透浓水的前景。　　:　反渗透;　浓缩水;　难生物降解;　电化学法:X703.1　　:B　　:1000-4602(2009)18-0001-05CurrentStatusandResearchDevelopmentofReverseOsmosisConcentrateTreatmentZHAOChun-xia,　GUPing,　ZHANGGuang-hui(SchoolofEnvironmentScienceandTechnology,TianjinUniversity,Tianjin300072,China)　　Abstract:　Theconcentrateproducedbyreverseosmosis(RO)processforwastewatertreatmentisapproximatelyathirdofthetotalvolumeoftherawwater.Itisdischargedintowaterfrequentlywithoutconsideringitsenvironmentalpollution.Therearelotsofbiorefractoryorganicpollutantsintheconcen-trate,whichwillthreatenhumanhealthandecologicalenvironment.ThepollutionproblemsshouldbesolvedurgentlyalongwiththewideapplicationofROtechnology.Themainpollutantsintheconcentrate,sometreatmenttechnologiesandmethodsarediscussed.Thepotentialelectrochemistrytreatmentmethodsareprospectedbasedonananalysisofthoseconcentratetreatmenttechnologies.　　Keywords:　reverseosmosis;　concentrate;　biorefractorypollutant;　electrochemistry　　(RO),,、、;,。RO、,。1　RO浓水中的污染物①　(DOM)PeterM.C.129、、,45。DOM:a.,Nghiem[1]NF/RO;b.,Radjenovic[2],;c.,Ivnitsky[3]、,,。·1·第25卷　第18期2009年9月　　　　　　　　　　　　中国给水排水CHINAWATERWASTEWATER　　　　　　　　　　　　　Vol.25No.18Sep.2009②　(TDS)TDS。、、、、、、。TDS,,;,。2　国内RO浓水处理方式①　。RO,,;,,,。②　。RO,,、、、;。,。③　。、;RO,,;,。④　。(MD),(95%),、。RO1。1　ROTab.1　MethodsofROconcentratetreatmentinChinam3·h-1/[4]200501∶3[5]1323375%～80%[6]18060[7]10033[8]20065[9]10～50[10][11]、[12]3　国外RO浓水处理方式95m3/d137(2),,。2　[13、14]Tab.2　SurveydataofAmericanmembranetechnology%RO734811231113RO51063.1　Lew[15],80%,。NingRY[16]90%,。Figueruelo[17]2.5(60%),。Singh[18],75%87%～90%。3.2　①　。,,RO[19]。RO,[20、21]。,,,[22]。②　。,,。③　。,,。Ning[23]RO、、,,。④　。,,,[13]。3.3　①　。,,。Allegre[24]///,·2·第25卷　第18期　　　　　　　　　　　　　　中国给水排水　　　　　　　　　　　　、,,。②　。、,,,。Fiona[25],。3.4　、、、、[26、27],,。3.5　①　。DOM[28](80%～90%DOM),、。②　。,。,RO,。③　。,,[13]。④　。;Fenton,;TiO2,。VanHege[29]RO,,RO、COD。4　电化学法4.1　RO:,;(),;。,,Fenton,·OH。、、、、,。BadruzzamanM[30]RO,。Hege[31]RO,。3。3　Tab.3　Energyconsumptionofelectrolysismethodsfortreatmentofwastewaters　,COD/(mg·L-1)COD/%/(kW·h·kg-1COD)[32]Fe,Fe18300980.003[33]Fe,Fe281050～603.1～4.5[34]Fe,Fe420063.830.7[35]Fe,Fe11806055.61[36]Al,Al5005020SS,SS5206028.8[37]Ti/Pt,SS10478912.4[38]Ti/BDD,SS402～98051～90.215～20[39]Ti/RuO2,Ti30007540[40]Tia,887793.217[41]Tib,SS92010050[42]Tic,Ti/RuO29000089.622.8～4.8　:　BDD,SS,TiaTi/TiO2·RuO2·IrO2,TibTi/Ti·Ru·SnO2,Tic+,Pt。　　3,。4.2　①　。,Fenton,(),Fenton。[43]TiO2,5-,TOC70%,。②　。,,,。,。Leite[44]2,4-,。5　结语RO、TDSDOM,DOM、,RO,。·3·赵春霞,等:反渗透浓水处理现状与研究进展第25卷　第18期RO:、、、。、、,RO。,、、、、。:[1]　NghiemLD,SchaferAI.Criticalriskpointsofnanofil-trationandreverseosmosisprocessesinwaterrecyclingapplications[J].Desalination,2006,187(1-3):303-312.[2]　RadjenovicJ,PetrovicM,VenturaF,etal.Rejectionofpharmaceuticalsinnanofiltrationandreverseosmosismembranedrinkingwatertreatment[J].WaterRes,2008,42(14):3601-3610.[3]　IvnitskyH,KatzI,MinzD,etal.Bacterialcommunitycompositionandstructureofbiofilmsdevelopingonnanofiltrationmembranesappliedtowastewatertreatment[J].WaterRes,2007,41(17):3924-3935.[4]　,.[J].,2006,26(7):71-73.[5]　,,.[J].,2008,(2):30-32.[6]　,,,.[J].,2007,38(3):56-57.[7]　,,.[J].,2007,(2):36-37.[8]　.[J].,2006,32(3):80-81.[9]　,,.RO[J].,2003,23(8):76-78.[10]　,,.[J].,2005,(5):25-28.[11]　,.[J].,2007,13(11):829-831.[12]　,,,.RO[J].,2007,23(19):1-5.[13]　VanDerBruggenB,LejonL,VandecasteeleC.Reuse,treatment,anddischargeoftheconcentrateofpressure-drivenmembraneprocesses[J].EnvironSciTechnol,2003,37(17):3733-3738.[14]　SquireD.ReverseosmosisconcentratedisposalintheUK[J].Desalination,2000,132(1-3):47-54.[15]　LewCH,HuJY,SongLF.Developmentofanintegrat-edmembraneprocessforwaterreclamation[J].WaterSciTechnol,2005,51(6-7):455-463.[16]　NingRY,TroyerTL.Tandomreverseosmosisprocessforzero-liquiddischarge[J].Desalination,2009,237(1-3):238-242.[17]　Garcia-FiguerueloC,MontagB,Bes-PiaA,etal.Studyofthebehaviourofareverseosmosismembraneforwastewaterreclamation-influenceofwastewaterconcen-tration[J].Desalination,2008,222(1-3):243-248.[18]　SinghR.Analysisofhighrecoverybrackishwaterdes-alinatinprocessusingfuelcells[J].SeparSciTechnol,2009,44(3):585-598.[19]　Fernandez-TorquemadaY,Sanchez-LizasoJL,Gonzalez-CorreaJM.PreliminaryresultsofthemonitoringofthebrinedischargeproducedbytheSWROdesalinationplantofAlicante(SESpain)[J].Desalination,2005,182(1-3):395-402.[20]　PurnamaA,Al-BarwaniHH,Al-LawatiaM.Modelingdispersionofbrinewastedischargesfromacoastaldesal-inationplant[J].Desalination,2003,155(1):41-47.[21]　AlameddineI,El-FadelM.Brinedischargefromdesali-nationplants:amodelingapproachtoanoptimizedout-falldesign[J].Desalination,2007,214(1-3):241-260.[22]　PurnamaA,Al-BarwaniHH.SpreadingofbrinewastedischargesintotheGulfofOman[J].Desalination,2006,195(1-3):26-31.[23]　NingRY,TarquinA,TrzcinskiMC,etal.Recoveryop-timizationofROconcentratefromdesertwells[J].De-salination,2006,201(1-3):315-322.[24]　AllegreC,MoulinP