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:2002—10—03:(1975—),,,2001,。付春平1,钟成华2,邓春光2(1.,400045;2.,400020) :,、,。,,。,,。:;;:X522 :A :1001-2141(2003)-0039-04 ,,,,,。,,。,,,。1 、、、、。、,0.02mg/L,0.2～0.5mg/L,。2 2.1 2.1.1 ,,“”。,:RCHNH2COOH+O2RCOOH+CO2+NH32.1.2 ,、,。,,(NH+4),:NH+4+3/2O2NO-2+2H2O+2H+-ΔF (ΔF=278.42KJ),,:NO-2+1/2O2NO-3-ΔF(ΔF=72.27KJ):NH+4+2O2NO-3+H2O+2H+-ΔF(ΔF=351KJ)2.1.3 ①,“”。②,BOD515～20mg/l。2.1.4 ①:,1mg/L。②:20～30℃,15℃,5℃。③pH:pH8.0～8.4。④:(θc)N,2,,(θc)N。⑤:,NH+4-N,NO-xN。2.1.5 (NO-3-N)(NO-2-N),(N2)。25 2 200322.1.6 ①:BOD5/T-N3～5,。②pH:pH6.5～7.5,pH,。③:、,0.5mg/l。④:20～40℃。2.2 ,,、、,,。,。2.2.1 ,,。,,。ADP,H3PO4ATP()。:ADP+H3PO4+ATP+H2OH3PO4,H3PO4。H3PO4ATP,。2.2.2 ,ATP,H3PO4,ADP,:ATP+H2OADP+H3PO4+,,H3PO4,H3PO4。2.2.3 ①:DO,DO0.15mg/L,;DO0.3mg/L,;2.0mg/L,;DO0.8～1.0mg/l,。②pH:,pH6.5。③:,,,。④:,。3 3.1 :A/O,A2/O、Bardenpho、UCT、Phoredox、AP。:A/O、A2/O、Bardnpho、UCT、Phoredox、AB、TETRA、SBR、2000。3.2 、1。1 、TPTN A/O76%75%A2/O80%～95%61%Bardenpho97%90%～95%,,UCTA2/OA2/OPhoredox70%～80%82%～97%,APA/OA/OAB70%80%TETRA90%,SBR65%55%200060%～80%80%3.3 3.3.1 。,,,。,。(SCFAS),。3.3.2 。,。,,。,。。,。3.3.3 ,40 25,。。,,。,。,。4 4.1 :(,)。,,。,(60～100mg/L,1～2,100mg/l),,,,,、,。 ①:,。②:。③:BOD5,。④:,,。⑤:,BOD5。⑥:,,。4.2 4.2.1 ,。4.2.2 。4.2.3 ,。4.2.4 ,,,。4.2.5 ,,,,。4.2.6 ,。4.2.7 ,。。,。60%,。,,。,,,。4.2.8 ,。。4.2.9 ,。,,。,,。,。5 (44)412 :1 112 (°)(%)0～33～88～1520406080(hm)10.44.43.81.82.20.10.537.56.567.7(t/km2)[1]800263640234173439117465002000-(t)82.9117.4152.178.09.80.10.2187.5120748.0,,,,,。。11222 112 (hm)()(t) (%) ≤3m4.95248.530.2 3～7m3.35989.0 7～12m1.75989.552.911395.018.90.763100.21.427.775542.87.41.7253100.042.193.057365.01004.3 112,748.0t,1473t。,,725t,0.96。,。:42.1%,30.2%。。5 ,、,,、、,;;,,,;。、、,、;、。、。。,。。。。6 1 ,..,1999,32 ,..,1997,33 ,..,1995,24 ,..,1998,15 ,..,1994,26 ,..,1995,47 ,..1998,28 ,.—.,2000,39 ,..,1998,4(上接第41页),,,,。6 1 ,,.——[J].,2000,16(2):29～312 ,,.().1996,33 ,..,1998,14 ,.:,19765 ,.——.,1997,26 ,,.A2/O.,2001,8,31～337 ,.[J].,2000,26(12):1～48 ,.——.,1999,644 25phase,canaffectstronglyonthefermentationtypesofacidogenicphase.Withthecontinuous-flowstirredtankreactors(CSTR),theeffectsofspecialcombinationsofpH、ORPontheacidogenicphasewereanalyzedinthispaper,alsoonthebasisofpopulationecology,thedifferentclimaxcommunitiesanddominantpopulationsofdifferenttypesoffermentationcontrolledbypHandORPweresummarized.Keywords:Anaerobicbio-treatment,Acidogenicphase,Ecologicalfactors,Climaxcommunity.AnalysisonRelativitybetweenCODcrandConductanceofUrbanSewageZhaoYong,LiYou,WangYonggang,WangNian,HeWei(1.HenanAgriculturalUniversity,Zhengzhou450002;2.YanchengstationforEnvironmentalMornitoring,Luohe462000)Abstract:Theusualdeterminationmethodofchemicaloxygenconsumedispotassiumdichromatemethod.Theshortcomingofthiswayisthatthedigestiontimeislong,theoperationbyinterferenceofchloricionissevere.Microwavesealeddigestionmethodmakesmuchimprovement,itsadvantageisthatanalyticalprecisionandaccuracyareincreasedaswell.ButtheequipmentisexpensiveandexpensiveAg2SO4addedintheprocessionofexperiment,thelostofanalysisishighter.ThispaperreportedthestateofDiongfengriver,JinshuiriverandXiongerriverbycontinuemeasureandexperiment.TheresultsshowedthatthereexistedrelationoflinearitybetweenconductanceandCODcrofurbansewage.Underusualcondition,accordingtotherelationofboth,wecouldattainCODcr,Sothecomplexityofexperimentwascutdownandpollutionwasdiminished,timeandcostwereeconomized.Keywords:COD,Conductance,Microwave,Sealeddigestion,Relativityanalysis.ConceiverofNewProcessforBiologicalWastewaterRemovalNitrogenandPhosphorusFuChunping1,ZhongChenghua2,DengChunguang2(1.FacultyofUrbanConstructionandEnivron.Eng.ChongqingUniv,Chongqing400045;2.ChongqingInstituteofEnvironmentalScience,Chongqing400020)Abstract:Basedonthetheoryandeffectfactorsofbiologicalremovalnitrogenandphosphorus,andcomparisonontheremovalefficiencyofnitrogenandphosphorusamongseveraltypicalprocesseswhichremovenitrogenandphosphorus,weanalyzedsometypicalprocesswhichwasnotsogoodtoremovenitrogenandphosphorusinwastewater.AccordingtothefactofurbanwastewaterqualityandcharacteroftopographyinChongqing,anewprocessforbiologicalwastewaterremovalnitrogenandphosphoruswasconceived,therebydeficiencyoftraditionalprocesseswasremedied.Efficiencyofsystemicremovalnitrogenandphosphoruswasenhancedevenmorepurposeofremovalnitrogenandphosphoruswasattained.So,watershedcontaminationwouldbereduced.Keywords:Biologicalremovalnitrogenandphosphorus,Newprocess,Conceiver.AffectandCountermearuresofSoilErosioninHighwayConstructionLiJinhai(CollegeofResourcesandEnvironmentalScience,HebeiNormalUniversity,Shijianzhuang050016)Abstract:Soilerosionismoreandmoreseriousintheprocessofhighwayconstructionandlimitedinalinearnpattern.Itmaystrideacrossmultiplebasinsandvarioustypesoflandformsothattheaffectrangeofsoilerosionisextensive.Foundingroadaffectedbysoilerosiononllyinsomefixedperiod,andtheaffectedtimeisdifferentindifferentpartofsoil.Accordingtotheinvestigationdata,thecausesofsoilerosion,thewayofcalculationandthegeneralcountermearuresinhighwayconstructionwereputforward.Keywords:Highwayconstruction,Soilerosion,Countermearures,Wa