废水生物脱氮机制研究进展郑猛1

　　　201129废水生物脱氮机制研究进展＊郑　猛　张培玉　王积伟　陈　舒(,　266071)　:废水脱氮越来越受人们重视,而生物脱氮以它独特的优势受到人们的青睐。通过从生物脱氮的微生物,微观机制,宏观环境三个方面论述,重点论述了短程硝化反硝化、厌氧氨氧化、异养硝化好氧反硝化的脱氮机制,为以后的生物脱氮研究提供较为完整的资料。:生物脱氮;短程硝化;厌氧氨氧化;异养硝化好氧反硝化;异养硝化;好氧反硝化THERESEARCHANDDEVELOPMENTOFTHEMECHANISMOFBIOLOGICALNITROGENREMOVALINWASTEWATERZhengMeng　ZhangPeiyu　WangJiwei　ChenShu(DepartmentofEnvironmentalScienceandEngineering,QingdaoUniversity,Qingdao266071,China)Abstract:Nowpeoplepaymoreattentiontonitrogenremovalinwastewater,especiallythewayofbiologybeacauseoftheadvantageinnitrogenremoval.Thisarticlediscussesnitrogenremovalbymicroorganism,mi-crocosmicmechanismandmacroscopicalcircumstance,mainlydenitrifyingmechanismoftheshort-rangenitrifi-cation&denitrification,anammox,heterotrophicnitrification-aerobicdenitrification.Thisarticleprovidesmoreintegralinformationonresearchingbiologicalnitrogenremoval.Keywords:biologicalnitrogenremoval;short-rangenitrification;anammox;heterotrophicnitrification-aerobicdenitrification;heterotrophicnitrification;aerobicdenitrification＊(50678085,50878107);(YSPY2009014)。　　,,。、,、,;,,,。,pH,[1]。,,。、、、。。,、。。1　,。,。。,。2080,(Pseudomonasflurescens)、(Alcali-genesfacealis)、(Pseudomonasaerugi-nos)[2],。,、;;。,qy37、gs1、gs2、gs3[3-5]。。,。。Robertson[6]17DOI:10.13205/j.hjgc.2011.s1.046　　　201129,1。1　,,。,,。2　,、、。[7]:1),,,;2),;3),,,;4),,,。,,、、。2.1　短程硝化反硝化,。NH4+※NO-2※NO-3※NO2※。NH4+※NO2※。,1,25%,40%[8]。,[8-11]。,。Wood[12-14],::NH3NH2OH,:NH3+O2+2H++2e-※NH2OH+H2O-120kJ/mol(1):,,:NH2OH+H2O※HNO2+4H++4e-+23kJ/mol(2)AnderssonHooper[16],41(NOH),22H+。:,。NH2OH※[NOH]+2H++2e-(3):,。[NOH]+H2O※HNO2+2H++2e-(4)HooperTerry[17],Zart[18],,NOH,Nitrosomonaseuropaea,NO。15N,NO,。,,。,,。2.2　异养硝化好氧反硝化机制2.2.1　,[19]。,NN。:NH3、NH4+、[20]。N(N)[21]。,,,,[22-23]。,N,18　　　201129[24],[25]。14N,NH4+-N,,、,2[25]。,,,[25]。。2　2.2.2　2080,、、、、。KrulMeiberg[26-27],。,,,0.1mg/L,,。,[28]SBR,,TN70%。[29]DN11,。[30],30%～40%;[31],TN20%～30%;[32],10%TN。Pochana[33]SBR95%,30%TN。,。Robertson[34],“”,“”,,。,,。Caa3,,。,Wilson[35]3。,,O2,NO-3,。3:NO-3、O2,O2,NO-3。3　2.3　厌氧氨氧化(Anammox)2090DelftLluyver,,NO3-NO2-,NH4+,,[36],,,,[37]。15N,anammox[38]。4。,anammox(NH2OH),(NH4+)(N2H4);N2H419　　　2011294　anammoxN2,Anammox,Graaf[39-41]Anammox:1),NH2OHNH4+N2H4,N2H4。N2H4,N2H4NO2-NH2OH;2)NH2OHNH4+N2H4,N2H4,,NO2-NH2OH。,Anammox,。DelftUniversity20026,Anam-mox[42]。,Anammox、3。3　,,10%～20%[43]。,,,,。,,,。,5,。DO,、;,,、,,,。4　,5　,,,:1);2);3),。[1],,,.[J].(),2002,35(1):76-79.[2],,,.[J].,2003,30(4)88-91.[3],,,.qy37/[J].,2010,31(8):1819-1826.[4],,,.[J].,2010,10(3):13-17.[5],,,.[J].,2010,16(3)394-398.[6]RobertsonLA,NielEJ,TorremansRM,etal.Simultaneousnitri-ficationanddenitrificationinaerobicchemostatculturesofThiosphaerapantotropha[J].ApplEnvironMicrobiol,1988,54(11):2812-28181.[7].[J].,2000,16(2):25-28.[8]PolliceA,TandoiV,LestingiC.Influenceofaerationandsludgere-tentiontimeonammoniumoxidationtonitriteandnitrate[J].WaterResearch,2002,36(10):2541-2546.[9],.[J].,2007,38(2):12-15.[10]WangJ,YangN.Partialnitrificationunderlimiteddissolvedoxy-genconditions[J].ProcessBiochemistry,2004,39(10):1223-1229.[11].[J].,2000,26(11):21-24.20　　　201129[12]WoodPM.Nitrificationasabacterialenergysource[M].OxfordUK:NitrificationIRLPress,1986,63-78.[13]WoodPM.Chemolithotrophy[A]//BacterialEnergyTransduc-tion.London:AcademicPress,1988,183-230.[14]WoodPM.Monooxygenaseandfreeradicalmechanismforbiologi-calammoniaoxidation[A]//Thenitrogenandsulfurcycles:42ndsymposiumofthesocietyofGeneralMicrobiology.UK:CambridgeUniversity,1988,219-243.[15]HooperAB.Ammoniaoxidationandenergytransductionintheni-trifyingbacteria[A]//Microbialchemoautotrophy:OhioStateUni-versity8thBioscienceColloquium.Columbus,Ohio:OhioStateU-niversityPress,1984,133-167.[16]AnderssonKK,HooperAB.O2andH2OareeachthesourceofoneOinNO2producedfromNH3byNitrosomonas[J].FEBSLett,1983,164:236-240.[17]HooperAB,TerryKR.HydroxylamineoxidoreductaseofNitro-somonas:Productionofnitricoxidefromhydroxylamine[J].Bio-chimBiophysActa,1979,571:12-20.[18]ZartD,SchmidtI,BockE.SignificanceofgaseousNOforammoniaoxidationbyNitrosomonaseutropha[J].AntvLeeuwenhoek,2000,77:49-55.[19]AlexanderM.Nitrificationinsoilmicrobiology[M].NewYork:1977,251-271.[20]PapenH.MostProbableNumber(MPN)methodfortheestimationofcellnumbersofheterotrophicnitrifyingbacteriainsoil[J].Plantandsoil,1998,199:123-130.[21]TakayukiN,TaroY,HirosuguM,etal.Conditionsfornitrificationanddenitrificationbyanimmobilizedhetero-trophicnitrifyingbac-teriumAlcaligenesfaecalisOKK17[J].JournalofFermentationandBioengineering,1998,86(4):351-356.[22]JettenMSM,LogemannS,MuyzerG,etal.Novelprinciplesinthemicrobialconversionofnitrogencompounds[J].AntonievanLeeu-wenhoek,1997,71:75-93.[23]PedersenH,DunkinKA,FirestoneMK.TherelativeimportanceofautotrophicandheterotrophicnitrificationinaconiferforestsoilasmeasuredbyN-15tracerandpooldilutiontechniques[J].Bio-geochemistry,1999,44(2):135-150.[24]CastignettiD.YanongR,GramzinskiSubstratrR.DiversityofanActiveHeterotrophicNitrifier,anAlcaligenessp.,Can,J[J].Mi-crobiol,1985,31(5):441-445.[25]BrierleyEDR,WoodM.Heterotrophicnitrificationinanacidforestsoil:isolationandcharacterisationofanitrify