废水自养生物脱氮技术研究进展王舜和

ChinaBiotechnology,2006,26(5):113~119*王舜和1,2吴伟伟1王建龙1**汪群慧2(11000842150090基于短程硝化和厌氧氨氧化的自养脱氮工艺是生物脱氮领域研究的热点,它的发现为低碳氮比废水的处理提供了新的思路近些年来,人们陆续开发了SHARONANAMMOXCANONOLAND等自养生物脱氮工艺,进一步推动了高效低耗脱氮技术的开发和研究从工艺原理特点等方面,对自养生物脱氮工艺的国内外研究状况进行了总结和对比,并提出了存在的问题及发展方向生物脱氮厌氧氨氧化自养脱氮工艺Q819:2005-11-14:2006-03-07*(50325824)**,:[e-mail]:(NH4+NO2-NO3-)(NO2-NO3-N2),NH4+NO2-,,(),,,[1,2]10,,//,,,SHARON+ANAMMOXCANONOLANDNOx,1(pHSRTDO);NH4+NO2-N21.1NH4+NO3-,,NH4+NO2-,NO2-/NH4+,,:SHARON:CSTR,pH(SRT),;(DO),,DO,DO,,,SBRNitrosomonas,NitrosospiraNitrosococcus,,SHARONOLANDNitrosomonas70%DOI10.13523/j.cb.20060523ChinaBiotechnologyVo.l26No.52006,NitrosospiraNitrosococcusNitrosomonas[3],Nitrosomonas,O2NOxO20.8mg/l,Nitrosomonas;O20.8mg/l,NON2ON2;NO2,NitrosomonasNO2,NO2N2O4NH4+1.2(ANAMMOX),,,NH4+N215N,(N2H4)(NH2OH),3(1)1[4,5]HH:;HZO:;NRFig.1ProposedmodelfortheANAMMOX,(Planctomycetes),:,CandidatusBrocadiaanammoxidansCandidatusKueneniasttuttgartiensis11.3NitrosomonasNO2,NitrosomonasNO2,,1998OLAND,,,,Nitrosomonas,CANONSchmidt,N2O4NH4+21[3,5,8]Table1Thecomparisonsbetweentwoanaerobicammonia-oxdizingbacteriasCandidatusBrocadiaanammoxidansCandidatusKueneniasttuttgartiensisNH4+(NH2OH)(N2H4)16SrDNA90%pH8.0(e)37()10.6(nmol/min/mg)00(nmol/min/mg)6026.5(mg/l)70180(mg/l)606002Nitrosomonas[3]Table2ThecomparisonsbetweenaerobicandanaerobicreactionsbyNitrosomonasNH3+O2+2e-NH2OH+H2ONH2OH+H2OHNO2+4H++4e-NH3+O2HNO2+2H++2e-NO2NH3+O2+2H++2e-NH2OH+2NO+H2ONH2OH+H2OHNO2+4H++4e-NH3+N2O4HNO2+2H++2e-NO22NH+O22NO2H2O4NH3+N2O4HNO2+2NO2+2H++2e-NH3+O2HNO2+2H++2e-NO2NO,,NO2(2),,4:(1),N2O4NO(2),NitrosomonasNH4+,N2O4(3)AMO)))27AmoaN2O4[14C],,(4)NOx,NitrosomonasNOx1142006,26(5):2Nitrosomonas[5]Fig.2ProposedmodelofammoniaoxidationbyNitrosomonas2:3Fig.3Autotrophicnitrogenremovalprocesses2.1SHARON+ANAMMOXSHARON,/,,ANAMMOX,NO2-/NH4+,,SHARON,ANAMMOXSHARONANAMMOX,SHARONANAMMOXBroda(1977),NO2-NH4+1B1,113B10.3molNO2-,,50%NH4+ANAMMOXNO2-/NH4+,,NO2-,Strous(1999),NO2-70mg/lSHARONANAMMOX,,2.2CANON21211CANON工艺原理CANONDelft,,,,,,CANON:;,FISH,CANONNitrosomonasPlanctomycete,45%(15%),40%(15%),[9,12]CANON,,(Aerobicdeammonification),,CANON,,,CANON21212几种CANON反应器对比,CANONSBR,SBR(4),,,Dapena-Mora[14],N2N2,N2,115ChinaBiotechnologyVo.l26No.52006,,SBRANAMMOX,SBRSBR,,CANON,Hao[15],,DO0.6mg/l(95.5%87.5%),,CANON2.213OLAND工艺OLANDGhent1998CANON,,,CANON:OLAND,,,,2mg/g1d,OLAND,Bock,,NitrosomonasKuai[16],NitrosomonasSchmidtNOx,NONO2,N2O4212.4NOx工艺NOxCANONNitrosomonas,NOxSchmidt[17~19],NONO2Nitrosomonas,CandidatusBrocadiaanammoxidans,NOx,NOx,NOxNitrosomonas,,[3],NO2/NH4+1B10001B5000NO2,22,3.5,NON2O67%N2,97%,80%50%334:3Table3ThecomparisonofreactionsamongseveralautotrophicnitrogenremovalprocessesNH+4+2O2NO-3+H2ONO-3+H++5[H]a0.5N2+3H2ONH+4+2O2+5[H]0.5N2+H++4H2OCANONSHARON+ANAMMOXNH+4+1.5O2NO-2+H2O+2H+NN+4+1.32NO-21.02N2+0.26NO-3+2H2ONH+4+0.85O20.11NO-3+0.44N2+0.14H++1.43H2ONOx3NH+4+3O2N2+4H2O+NO-4+4H+NH+4+1.32NO-21.02N2+0.26NO-3+2H2ONH+4+0.8O20.47N2+1.47H2O+0.06NO-3+1.06H+a:[H]1162006,26(5):4Table4Thecomparisonofautotrophicnitrogenremovalprocesses(e)(mg/l)(mg/l)(mg-N/l#d)DO(mg/l)(%)OLAND[16]SBR331000Avea=380490.1~0.840Ave=7383215CANON[9,12]SBR3013156640.557Gas-Lift1545?62899?6115000.5?0.0742?4.7Deammonification[20]Moving-bedNDb650?50Ave=3009600.5Ave=54SHARON+ANAMMOX[11,21]CSTR+SBR30-401170?250200?20750?20ND82CSTR+SBR26-30657?5638?47600?40ND92?7a:Ave;b:ND3.1,:,;,[2]NO3-NO2-N2,NON2O,Zeng5mg/,lN2ON2,,ANAMMOXN2ONO,N2ONO3.2CANONCANONSHARON+ANAMMOX,31211工艺的控制途径(1)CANON:,DOCANON,DO,CANON,,CANON,,Third[22]NH4+92%36%57%CANONDO,,(2)SHARON+ANAMMOX:,pH(HCO3-),/NH4+NO2-/NH4+/NH4+1.2,0.85D-1,SHARONpHNO2-/NH4+,/NH4+1.2,,pHSHARON,60%NH4+NO2-,NO2-/NH4+1.5NO2-,ANAMMOX,(3),CANONSHARON+ANAMMOXCANON,,,,,,,,,SHARON+ANAMMOX,SHARON31212脱氮效率对比4,CANONDeammonification,60%,SHARON+ANAMMOX,80%,117ChinaBiotechnologyVo.l26No.52006600mg/l,95%,CANON,(1500mg/l#d),CANON,80%,,,SHARON+ANAMMOX,,,,CANON4,NOx,OLANDCANONSHARON+ANAMMOX,,,,,,,ANAMMOXSHARONSinglereactorHighactivityAmmoniaRemovaloverNitriteANAMMOXANaerobicAMMoniumOxidationOLANDOxygenLimitedAutotrophicNitrificationDenitrificationCANONCompletelyAutotrophicNitrogenremovalOverNitriteSRTSludgeRetentionTime[1],1,2000,17,29~32WangJL.ChinaWaterandWastewater,2000,17:29~32[2]CFux,HSiegris.tNitrogenremovalfromsludgedigesterliquidsbynitrification/denitrific-ationorpartialnitrification/anammox:environmentalandeconomicalconsiderations.WaterScience&Technology,2004,50(10):19~26[3]IngoSchmid,tOlavSliekers,MarkusSchmid,eta.lNewconceptsofmicrobialtreatmentprocessesforthenitrogenremovalinwastewater.FEMSMicrobiologyReviews,2003,27:481~492[4],.,2002,22(5):470~472[5]IngoSchmid,tOlavSliekers,MarkusSchmid,eta.lAerobicandanaerobicammoniaoxidizingbacteriacompetitorsornaturalpartners?FEMSMicrobiologyEcology,2002,39:175~181[6]MikeSMJetten,MarkusSchmid,IngoSchmid,eta.lImprovednitrogenremovalbyapplicationofnewnitrogen-cyclebacteria.ReviewsinEnvironmentalScience&Bio/Technology,2002,1:51~63[7]MarcStrous,JGIuskuenen,MikeSMJetten.KeyPhysiologyofAnaerobicAmmoniumOxidation.Applied&EnvironmentalMicrobiology,1999,65(7):3248~3250[