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田文华 文湘华 钱 易(,100084) (ZBAF)。,,,,。,“”,,;,。 Characteristicsofzeolitemediabiologicalaeratedfilterduringstart-upTianWenhua WenXianghua QianYi(ESPCStateKeyJointLaboratory,DepartmentofEvnironmentalScienceandEngineering,TsinghuaUniversity,Beijing100084)Abstract Theremovalofammoniainazeolitemediabiologicalaeratedfilter(ZBAF)includestwotypesofreactions:nitrificationandionexchange.Thestart-upofapilotscaleZBAFinthisstudyshowedthationexchangewasthemajorcontributortoammonia-nitrogenremovalatthebeginning,andnitrificationreactionplayedthemainroleintheend.Theendofthestart-upphasewassignaledbythatnitrificationattainedstablestatenotbythetotalammoniaremovalrate.TheparametersprofilealongthedepthofZBAFshowedthat“biologicalregeneration”wasessentiallyprocessedasthatthedesorbedammoniafromzeolitewasutilizedbynitrifiers.Theexperimentalsoshowedthatzeolitewasstillcapableofexchangingtheammoniainliquidafterhavingbiofilmattachedonitssurface.Keywords naturalzeolite;biologicalaeratedfilters(BAF);ionexchange;nitrification;start-up1 。(BAF),,,,。BAF,,,[1—4],[5],1/4—1/6,,BAF。(ZBAF),BAF1h,COD、73.9%、88.4%96.2%,[6],(02116307.3)。,ZBAFBAF,。ZBAF,,。2 2.1 ZBAFФ200mm,5.5m(1),4—6mm。,2.1m,0.9m。0.3m312Vol.3,No.12200212TechniquesandEquipmentforEnvironmentalPollutionControlDec.2002,11。1 。,,30—40,。2.2 。,3d,。30L/h(1.1m3/m2·h),5∶1,20—29℃。、CODNH+4-N,。1.2m。2.3 [7],、、:(1)CODCr:,COD(HACHCODREACTOR,);(2)NH+4-N:,(SHIMADZUUV-1200V,);(3)NO-2-N、NO-3-N、K+、Na+、Ca2+、Mg2+:,(DionexDX-100,)。3 3.1 3.1.1 启动期间对COD和氨氮的去除效果1、CODNH4-N、。2COD。COD,COD191mg/L,38.9mg/L,80%。,COD。7d,,,3d,COD,,7—10d。1 COD(mg/L)(mg/L)(%)(kg/m3·d)COD77.5—290.5(191.9)7.8—53.5(38.9)69.0—89.9(79.7)2.611.1—46.6(31.3)0—3.03(1.4)90—100(95.4)0.402 COD3(a)NH4-N,,。NH4-N。NH4-N31.3mg/L,1.4mg/L,95.4%。3(b)3(a),NH4-N01mg/L,213mg/L,1.5—2.0mg/L,35d。,,NH4-N。,12dNH4-N,21dNH4-N(①),NH4-N,ZBAFNH4-N。3912:3 NH4-N3.1.2 对启动过程中NH4-N去除机理的分析,NH4-N:。:4 (17d)2NH+4+NaXNH4X+Na+():2NH+4+3O2※2NO-2+2H2O+4H+ ()2NO-2+O2※2NO-3()NH4-N。,NO2-NNO3-NNH4-N;(NH4-N、NO2-NNO3-N)。NH4-N:=(CNH4,i-CNH4)/CNH4,i×100%=(CTN,i-CTN)/CNH4,i×100%=(CNO-CNO,i)/CNH4,i×100%:CiC(mg/L)。NH4NH+4-N,TN=NH+4-N+NO-2-N+NO-3-N,NO=NO-2-N+NO-3-N。ZBAF,NH4-N、NO2-N、NO3-N,NH4-N、()。417d。4(a)NH4-N,NO3-N,NO2-N0。1#—2#4.7mg/L,NO2-NNO3-N,NH4-N;2#—6#,NH4-N,23.6mg/L,10.9mg/LNO2-N、NO3-N,12.6mg/L,4035 (32d)。6#NH4-N,NH4-N(2.85mg/L),MonodNH4-N(0.5mg/L)[8],8#。NO2-N2#—4#,NH4-N,NO2-N。NO3-N2#—6#,NH4-N。1#—4#,NH4-N,4#。4(b),,NH4-N,。532d。5(a)4(a)NO3-N,NO2-N;NH4-N,,,4#。5(b),,NH4-N,。4#,NH4-N,。,(Ca2+、Mg2+1/2Ca2+1/2Mg2+),6。,NH4-N,Na+0.27mmol/L4#0mmol/L,K+,,0,Ca2+Mg2+6#。:K+NH+4Na+Ca2+Fe3+Al3+Mg2+Li+[9],,,NH4-NNH4-N,:NH4-NNa+K+,Ca2+Mg2+,NH4-N。5(b),,NH4-N。,“”[1],NH4-N,,NH4-N,。4(b)5(b)NH4-N。ZBAF,。ZBAF:,,,,,。,,NH4-N,,NH4-N4112:,NH4-N。,、,NH4-N,,,NH4-N。6 (32d)3.2 ZBAFZBAFBAF,、、、,,[10],、、、BAF。,,,,,。4 (1)ZBAF,。NO3-N,,。 (2)“”,,,,,。(3),。[1]OldenburgM.,SekoulovI.Multipurposefilterswithion-exchangerfortheequalizationofammoniapeaks.Wat.Sci.Technol.,1995,32(7):199—206[2]BaykalB.B.,GuvenD.A.Performanceofclinoptilolitealoneandincombinationwithsandfiltersfortheremovalofammoniapeaksfromdomesticwastewater.Wat.Sci.Technol.,1996,35(7):47—54[3]BaykalB.B.Clinoptiloliteandmultipurposefiltersforup-gradingeffluentammoniaqualityunderpeakloads.Wat.Sci.&Technol.,1998,37(9):235—242[4]GisvoldB.,OdegaardH.,FollesdalM.Enhancedremovalofammoniumbycombinednitrification/adsorptioninex-pandedclayaggregatefilters.Wat.Sci.Technol.,1999,41(9):409—416[5]D.PAK,W.CHANG&S.HONG.Useofnaturalzeo-litetoenhancenitrificationinbiofilter.EnvironmentalEn-gineering,2002,23:791—798[6],,.COD.,2002,18(12):13—15[7].(3).:,1998[8]MiloslavDrtil,PeterNemeth&IgorBodik.Kineticcon-stantsofnitrification.Wat.Res.,1993,21(1):35—39[9],..:,1998[10]WilliamS.M'Coy.Biologicalaeratedfilters:anewalter-native.Wat.Sci.Technol.,1997,9(2):39—43(责任编辑:刘 颖)423