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174200312JournalofSoilandWaterConservationVol.17No.4Dec.,2003 郝芳华1,张雪松1,程红光1,赵卫民2,刘 虹1,(1.,,100875;2.,730030):、、。,,——SWAT,GIS,。,,,。,,。:; ; SWAT:S157.1 :A :1009-2242(2003)04-0075-04DiscussiononReasonableSubdivisionLevelofWatershedforDistributedHydrologicModelHAOFang-hua1,ZHANGXue-song1,CHENGHong-guang1,ZHAOWei-min2,LIUHong1(1.StateKeyLaboratoryofWaterEnvironmentSimulation,BeijingNormalUniversity,InstituteofEnvironmentalSciences,BeijingNormalUniversity,Beijing100875;2.BureauofHydrology,YRCC,Lanzhou730030)Abstract:Distributedhydrologicmodelsusespatiallyvariableinputparameterstopredictwatershedresponse,andawidelyusedmethodforrepresentingwatershedistoaggregateinputdataonthebasisofsubwatershed.Howev-er,modeloutputcouldbeaffectedbythespatialextentoverwhichinputdataareaggregatedtoproduceparame-ters.Itwashypothesizedthatmodeloutputstabilizedatthepointwherespatialcharacteristicsofwatershedwerefullyconsidered.WiththesupportofGIStechnology,distributedhydrologicmodel——SWAT(SoilandWaterAssessmentTool)wasusedintwowatershedswithdifferentareatomodeltheimpactofdifferentsubdivisionsofwatershedonrunoffandsedimentyield,andtosomeextenttheresultsvalidatetheabovehypothesis.Thenrea-sonablesubdivisionlevelofwatershedfordistributedhydrologicmodelwasdiscussed,increasingthesubwatershednumberbeyondthisleveldoesnotsignificantlyaffecttherunoffvolumeandsedimentyield.Thisreasonablesubdi-visionlevelcouldbeusedtooptimizeinputdatapreparationrequirementsandsimplifytheinterpretationofresultswithoutcompromisingsimulationaccuracy.Keywords:distributedhydrologicmodel; subdivisionofwatershed; SWAT1 引 言,,[1]。——SWAT(SoilandWaterAssessmentTool)(representativeelementaryarea)[2,3],,,(HRU)。Manilla-palliSWATHRU,CN,[4];BingnerSWAT,,,[5];FitzHughMackay,:2003-06-16:“973”(G1999043605);(20010027013):,,1963,。。DOI:10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2003.04.020,,,[1]。,、、,。,,,,。SWAT,,,,,。2 研究区简介:(),196.3km,4623km2,,,,。DEM1∶25,,、,Arc/InfomALBERS,1∶400、1∶1001997～1999;SWATLakeFork,486km2,DEM、、1977～1979。3 研究方法SWATSCS,Muskingum,MUSLE(ModifiedUniversalSoilLossEquation)Bagnold[2]。GIS,DEM,、、。(),HRU,HRU,。(),,。LakeFork7,4,8,15,24,37,65127(71),10%20%HRU。1。1 7 Lopes(1996)Chaubey(1999),[6,7],,。,,,[8],。(RE),RE=(Vmax-Vmin)/Vmin,Vmax,Vmin。76171 4815243765127HRU28396179128202356(km2)1155.8577.9308.2192.6124.971.136.4LakeForkHRU21426498143229432(km2)121.560.7532.420.2513.147.483.832 (km2) (km2)(%)462324192.64.2 LakeFork4862420.34.24 结果与分析4.1 23,6.3%,LakeFork1.3%。,424,,24;LakeFork,24。,。,24,,24。,。2。2 3 LakeFork4 5 LakeFork3 (km2)(km2)(%)462324192.64.2 LakeFork4863713.12.74.2 45,,60%,LakeFork34.3%,。,124,,24,;LakeFork,8,24,,37,。,,37,,37。3。774:5 结 语。SWAT,,:(1)。,7%。,,60%。(2),。,,,,。(3),。,。:[1] FitzhughTW,MackaybDS.Impactsofinputparameterspatialaggregationonanagriculturalnonpointsourcepollutionmod-el[J].JournalofHydrology,2000,236:35-53.[2] ArnoldJG,SrinivasanR,MuttiahRS,etal.LargeAreahydrologicModelingandAssessment.PartI:ModelDevelopment[J].JournaloftheAmericanWaterResourcesAssociation,1998,34(1):73-89.[3] WoodEF,SivapalanM,BevenK,etal.Effectsofspatialvariabilityandscalewithimplicationstohydrologicmodeling[J].JournalofHydrology,1988,102:29-47.[4] MamillapalliS,SrinivasanR,ArnoldJG,etal,Effectofspatialvariabilityonbasinscalemodeling[M].ThirdInternationalConference/WorkshoponIntegratingGISandEnvironmentalModeling,SantaFe,NewMexico,January21-26,1996.Na-tionalCenterforGeographicInformationandAnalysis,SantaBarbara,CA,USA.[5] BingnerRL,GarbrechtJ,ArnoldJG,etal.Effectofwatershedsubdivisiononsimulationrunoffandfinesedimentyield[J].TransactionsoftheASAE,1997,40(5):1329-1335.[6] ChaubeyI,HaanCT,GrunwaldS,etal.Uncertaintyinthemodelparametersduetospatialvariabilityofrainfall[J].Jour-nalofHydrology,1999,220:48-61.[7] LopesVL.Ontheeffectofuncertaintyinspatialdistributionofrainfalloncatchmentmodeling[J].Catena,1996,28:107-119.[8] .[J].,1997,18(1):94-98.上接第57页:[1] .[J].,1991(11):39-.[2] .[M].:,1994.[3] ,,.[J].,1998(3):125-130.[4] ,,,.—[J].,2001,32(5):222-224.[5] .[M].:,1992.[6] ,,,.[M].:,1993.[7] .[M].:,2000.[8] .[M].:,1999.[9] ,,,.[J].,1995,32(3):321-325.[10] ,.[J].,1994,6(4):234-237.[11] .[J].,1990,23(6):23.[12] ,,.[J].,1992,23(6):257-259.[13] .(II)[J].,1984(6):1-7.7817