复合膜生物反应器脱除地下水中硝酸盐的性能张立辉

　　　　　　()JournalofEastChinaUniversityofScienceandTechnology(NaturalScienceEdition)Vol.36No.52011-10:2011-03-24:(2008ZX07425-001-04):(1980-),,,,。E-mail:[e-mail]:,E-mail:[e-mail]　　:1006-3080(2011)05-0594-07张立辉,　曹国民,　黄海苏,　盛　梅,　刘勇弟(华东理工大学环境工程研究所,上海200237)　　:将膜分离技术与细胞固定化技术结合起来,研究了一种可用于去除地下水中硝酸盐的复合膜生物反应器(CMBR),并分别通过正交实验及单因素实验考察了复合膜生物反应器的最佳脱氮条件及影响因素。结果表明CMBR平板状固定化细胞适宜的制备条件:厚度4mm,w=15%聚乙烯醇溶液中细菌包埋量20g/L,地下水反硝化脱氮适宜的碳氮比、温度、pH分别为6∶1、30°C、7.0～8.0;适宜的反硝化碳源为乙醇,反硝化速率与硝酸盐初始质量浓度成正比。在最佳脱氮条件下,出水中硝酸盐氮、亚硝酸盐氮和耗氧量等水质指标均符合生活饮用水卫生标准。:地下水;硝酸盐;反硝化;复合膜生物反应器;固定化细胞:X523:ACharacteristicsofGroundwaterDenitrificationUsingaCompositeMembraneBioreactorZHANGLi-hui,　CAOGuo-min,　HUANGHai-su,　SHENGMei,　LIUYong-di(ResearchInstituteofEnvironmentalEngineering,EastChinaUniversityofScienceandTechnology,Shanghai200237,China)Abstract:Acompositemembranebioreactor(CMBR)integratingthemembraneseparationtechnologywiththeimmobilizedcellstechniquewasinvestigatedforgroundwaterdenitrification.Theoptimaldenitrificationconditionswereobtainedbyorthogonalandsinglefactorexperiments,respectively.Theresultsshowedthattheoptimumconditionsofimmobilizedcellspreparationwere4mmthickness,andembeddingdenitrifyingbacteriainPVAsolution(w=15%)was20g/L.Theoptimumcarbontonitrogenratio,temperatureandpHwere6∶1,30°Cand7.0-8.0,respectively.Andethanolwasapropercarbonsource.ThedenitrificationrateofCMBRwasproportionaltotheinitialconcentrationofNO3--N.Thewaterqualityindexesofnitratenitrogen,nitritenitrogenandchemicaloxygendemand(CODMn)intreatmentgroundwaterundertheoptimumconditionscanmeettherequirementsofcurrentnationalstandardsfordrinkingwater.Keywords:groundwater;nitrate;denitrification;compositemembranebioreactor;immobilizedcell　　,。,、,594DOI:10.14135/j.cnki.1006-3080.2011.05.022,[1-3],[4-6]。,,,,3[7];,。,、、EPA[8-9]。、。,:(1);(2)。,。,[10-11],,。,,。,;,。(CMBR),。,[12]PVA、-。[12](PVA)-4。CMBR,PVA-,CMBR。,()CMBR。3CMBR,、(CODNO3--N,ρC∶ρN),,,。,、pH、NO3--NCMBR。1　1.1　,SBR。,KNO3(2000mg/L),(1500mg/L),,pH7.2～7.5。,。PVA(1750±50),;。0.45μm,。1.2　3000r/min15min,2,w=15%PVAφ=4%(),230mm×230mm×2mm(230mm×230mm×4mm,230mm×230mm×6mm),-20°C,。-4,,。1.3　CMBR,,1CMBR。1,,,。,。,。CMBR5955,:1　Fig.1　SchematicdiagramofCMBR1000mL,200cm2。1.4　CMBR,(20±1)°C()。1121000mL1000mL。,,,NO3--N、NO2--NCODMn。,,。1.5　NO3--N[13],NO2--NN-(1-)-[13],CODMn[13]。(1):r=V(N0-Nt)A·t(1):r,g/(m2·h);V,m3;N0,g/m3;Ntt,g/m3;A,m2;t,h。2　2.1　PVA、PVAρC∶ρN3,3,、CODMn。24h1。1　L9(34)Table1　ExperimentalfactorsandlevelsNo.FactorsMembranethickness/mm(A)CellsconcentrationinPVAgel/(g·L-1)(B)ρC∶ρN(C)Experimentalresultsρ(NO2--N)/(mg·L-1)(Y1)CODMn/(mg·L-1)(Y2)NO3--Nremovalefficiency/(%)(Y3)Comprehensivescore11(2)1(10)1(4∶1)0.275.533.8322.29212(20)2(6∶1)5.823.461.0642.62313(30)3(8∶1)3.922.767.2954.0542(4)125.453.845.2926.7952238.223.482.9559.7162319.391.860.5838.2073(6)135.954.763.1841.8883210.315.535.7324.1193321.152.829.4221.52K1118.9690.9684.60K2124.70126.4490.93K387.51113.77155.64R37.1935.4871.04　　,、CODMn,。,,3。9,50mg/L,,,(Y3),,596()371,,3Y1∶Y2∶Y3=2∶2∶1。(-2)×Y1+(-2)×Y2+Y3,1。R,RCRARB,:C※A※B。K,K,。1K2K1K3,A2,4mm。2K2K3K1,B2,B2,20g/L。3K3K2K1,C3,C3,CODMn,C2,6∶1。,K,A2B2C2,4mm,20g/L(w=15%PVA20g),ρC∶ρN=6∶1。,。,43mg/L,24hNO3--N51.6%,48h10mg/L,CODMn2.4mg/L,。2.2　,[14]。20～35°C,15°C[15]。Trouve[16]5°C。,,。,,10～35°C(),,2。2　Fig.2　Effectoftemperatureondenitrificationrate　　2,10～35°C,。30°C,。30°C,,30°C,30°C[17],。,Cao[18]PVA。10°C30°C25%,30°C22%,。,,;,。,1,,21,。,。,,,52.1kJ/mol,(55.6kJ/mol)。,,。2.3　pHCMBR。pH。,pH7.0～7.5。pH,,pH,,。,pH。,,pH,pHCMBRpH。pH6.0,7.0,8.0,9.0,ρC∶ρN6∶1,12h,3。5975,:3　pHCMBRFig.3　EffectofinitialpHonnitrateremovalofCMBR　　3,4pH,45mg/L72h10mg/L,78%,,,。pH7.08.0,,,pH9.0,pH6.0,pH。,,,,,pH6。[19]pH,,,pH,,;pH,,。pH6.0pH9.0,。pH[20],1gNO3--N3.57g。4pH,pH7.5～8.2,pH。pH6.0,7.0,8.03,pH,pH9.0,pH。,(VFA),pHVFA。Robinson-Lora[8]VFA,。2.4　。ρC∶ρN6∶1,22.3,32.7,43.5,70.6,97.8mg/L,4(a)、4(b)。4　NO-3-NNO-2-NFig.4　Profilesofnitratenitrogenandnitritenitrogencon-centrationindifferentinitialnitrateconcentration　　4(a),,,,,。,。,(4(b)),,,,,[21],,,,。,ρC∶ρN,。2.5　、。,,。[22-23],598()37,,。、3,5。5　Fig.5　Nitrateremovalindifferentcarbonsources　　5,ρC∶ρN,,48h43.4mg/L10mg/L;,84h,;,96h,,84h。,,、、,,。,,,。,[24],,[25-26]。,,CODMn2.5mg/L,,,,CODMn。,,(3),,,[23]。3　　(1)ρC∶ρN。4mm,20g/LρC∶ρN6∶1,,,。(2)CMBR30°C,。,,15°C。,。(3)CMBRpH7.0～8.0,。(4)ρC∶ρN,,,。,,100mg/L,。:[1]　.[J].,2008,19(4):581-586.[2]　,,,.[J].,2010,29(6):1172-1179.[3]　,,.[J].,2008,28(5):94-96.[4]　,,.[J].,2008,36(12):5147-5148,5162.[5]　,,,.———[J].,2008,35(3):87-92.[6]　,,,.[J].,2010,7(4):88-90.[7]　DarbiA.Bilogicalremovalofnitratefromdrinkingwater[D].Saskatchewan:EnigeeringUniversityofRegina,2003.[8]　Robinson-LoraMA,BrennanRA.Theuseofcrab-shellchitinforbiologicaldenitrification:Batchandcolumntests[J].BioresourTechnol,2009,100(2):534-541.[9]　.GB5749-2006[S].:,2006.[10]　McAdamEJ,JuddSJ.Areviewofmembranebioreactor5995,:potentialfornitrateremovalfromdrinkingwater[J].Desali-nation,2006,196(1-3):135-148.[11]　McAdamEJ,JuddSJ.Optimisationofdead-endfiltrationconditionsforanimmersedanoxicmembranebioreactor[J].JMembrSci,2008,325(2):940-946.[12]　,,,.[J].,2001,21(3):207-211.[13]　APHA.StandardM