富营养化湖泊围隔中重建水生植被及其生态效应

J．LakeSci．(湖泊科学)，2014，26(3):349-357．jlakes．org．E-mail:[e-mail]2014byJournalofLakeSciences*胡旭1，何亮2，曹特2，倪乐意2，谢平1，2＊＊14300702430072、、．．．2011420126．3、、、30．55%、44．09%、36．04%42．13%5．96%、13．40%、6．70%7．60%74．59%8．70%．、、、．．Ｒestorationofaquaticvegetationanditsecologicaleffectsintheenclosureofaneutroph-iclakeHUXu1HELiang2CAOTe2NILeyi2＆XIEPing121CollegeofFisheriesHuazhongAgriculturalUniversityWuhan430070P．Ｒ．China2InstituteofHydrobiologyChineseAcademyofSciencesWuhan430072P．Ｒ．ChinaAbstractEutrophicationinducesaquaticvegetationdeclinecyanobacterialbloomdeteriorationofwaterqualityandregimeshiftsinshallowlakes．Ｒestorationofaquaticvegetationisconsideredasanimportantapproachtoimprovewaterqualityanden-hanceecosystemstability．Inthisstudywetransplantedaquaticmacrophytesinlargeenclosureswithtemporalaidsofwatertreat-mentsandselectingaquaticmacrophytespeciesaccordingtotheirhabitatpreferences．Ecologicaleffectsofthetransplantationwereexaminedbycomparingwaterchemicalsandbiologicalindicesintheenclosureswithandwithoutaquaticmacrophytesandintheopenwaterinthelakeoutoftheenclosures．DuringtheexperimentalperiodfromApril2011toJune2012allmacrophytesintheenclosuresurvivedandbuiltrelativelystablecommunities．Thewaterqualitywasbetterintheenclosurewithaquaticvegetationthaninareawithoutvegetationconcentrationsoftotalnitrogenammoniumnitrogentotalphosphorusandlightextinctioninwaterinthevegetatedenclosuredecreasedby30．55%44．09%36．04%and42．13%respectively．Incomparisonintheopenwa-tertheydecreasedby5．96%13．40%6．70%and7．60%respectively．Secchidepthincreasedby74．59%and8．70%ascomparedtotheopenwaterandtheenclosurewithoutaquaticvegetationrespectivelyphytoplanktonbiomasswaslowerandzoo-planktonbiomasswashigherinthevegetatedenclosurethanintheonewithoutaquaticvegetationandintheopenwater．Inaddi-tionaquaticvegetationtendedtodecreasethecontentsoftotalnitrogenandphosphorusinsedimentsandporewaterofsedimentsandammoniumnitrogenconcentrationsintheporewaterofsedimentsbutdidnotaffectphosphateandnitrateinporewaterofsedi-＊＊＊312705082012ZX07105-004．2013-04-272013-11-19．1985～[e-mail][e-mail]．(湖泊科学)，2014，26(3)ments．Thestudyimpliedthatselectionofeutrophicationtolerantaquaticmacrophytesspeciesfacilitatedrestorationofaquaticvege-tationandthusimprovewaterqualityineutrophiclakes．KeywordsAquaticmacrophytesenclosureeutrophicationshallowlakeecologicalrestoration、、1-5．．1950s1970s6．7-81980s．9．．10-12、、13-1718-19．20．．、、、．．．11．11．5m．2011420126．3、、．．600m2．400kg．2d0．7m1．2m．．、、、、、、、1．．1m、1．0～1．9m、、、、．1．1Fig．1Stepsoftherestorationofaquaticmacrophytesintheenclosure胡旭等:富营养化湖泊围隔中重建水生植被及其生态效应3511．23、．1．、TN、NO－3-N、NH+4-N、TP、PO3－4-PaChl．a．21．YSIYSIpH、COND、DO、TLi-CorLI-192SALi-1000KdKirk22．SDDep．1-TN、NO－3-N、NH+4-N、TPPO3－4-P．1．33、PASWStatistics18．0P＜0．05±P＜0．05．22．11Tab．1Listofaquaticmacrophytesandtheircoverageintheenclosure/m2/%Vallisnerianatans6510．83Ceratophyllumdemersum15025．00Myriophyllumspicatum6010．00Nymphoidespeltatum10016．67Trapabispinosa8013．33Potamogetoncrispus50．83Najasmarina81．33Potamogetonmalaianus20．33Hydrillaverticillata20．33．．．、80%．6．、、10%20%．Spirogyrasp．．2012680%．1．2．2、TN1．593、1．6942．216mg/LTN23TNTN2P＞0．052A．、NH+4-N0．175、0．2020．313mg/L3P＜0．0523NH+4-N、2C．、NO－3-N0．428、0．4340．390mg/LP＞0．0523NO－3-N、2E．、TP0．126、0．1350．197mg/LTPP＞0．052TP2、2B．352J．LakeSci．(湖泊科学)，2014，26(3)、PO3－4-P0．029、0．0390．025mg/L2PO3－4-PP＞0．0523PO3－4-P、2D．2Fig．2Monthlyvariationofphysicochemicalparametersindifferenttreatments、Chl．a45．573、38．48162．944μg/LChl．aP＜0．0523、2F．、SD0．908、0．8350．521mSDSDP＜0．0523、2G．、胡旭等:富营养化湖泊围隔中重建水生植被及其生态效应353Kd1．762、1．9063．045m－1KdKdP＜0．052KdSD3、2H．NO－3-N、PO3－4-P．TN、NH+4-N、TPKd30．55%、44．09%、36．04%42．13%5．96%、13．40%、6．70%7．60%．Chl．a27．60%15．60%．SD74．59%8．70%2．2*Tab．2ComparisonsofphysicochemicalparametersindifferenttreatmentsTN/mg/L2．216±0．312a1．694±0．273b1．593±0．416bNO－3-N/mg/L0．390±0．269a0．434±0．218a0．428±0．219aNH+4-N/mg/L0．313±0．170a0．202±0．138b0．175±0．162abTP/mg/L0．197±0．039a0．135±0．051b0．126±0．066bPO3－4-P/mg/L0．025±0．020a0．039±0．036a0．029±0．027aChl．a/μg/L62．944±22．556a38．481±19．439b45．573±25．907abSD/m0．521±0．197a0．835±0．298b0．908±0．292abKd/m－13．045±0．880a1．906±0．620b1．762±0．600abDO/mg/L8．900±2．656a7．312±2．696b8．356±2．628abpH8．499±0．211a8．261±0．286b8．323±0．283bCOND/μS/cm357．896±36．849a348．481±46．561b348．102±43．731bT/℃20．335±8．427a19．843±8．828b19．870±8．792bTN/TP11．699±2．809a14．592±6．231b16．299±9．739ab*P＜0．05．2．3、TN7．477、7．8228．379mg/LP＞0．05、TN5．914、7．4399．595mg/LP＜0．05TNP＜0．0520．91%．TNP＞0．053A．、NH+4-N5．124、5．3826．315mg/LP＞0．05、NH+4-N2．748、3．5977．174mg/LP＜0．053NH+4-NNH+4-N46．37%3C．、NO－3-N0．093、0．1230．143mg/L、NO－3-N0．112、0．1290．170mg/LP＜0．05NO－3-NP＜0．05P＞0．053E．、TP0．332、0．3330．367mg/LP＜0．050．259、0．3190．390mg/L3P＜0．05TPP＜0．0521．99%P＞0．05TPP＜0．053B．、PO3－4-P0．151、0．1520．165mg/L354J．LakeSci．(湖泊科学)，2014，26(3)P＞0．050．167、0．1490．181mg/LP＜0．05P＜0．05P＞0．053D．3Fig．3Variationsofwaterchemistryininterstitialwaterindifferenttreatmentsatthebeginningandtheendoftheexperiment、、、．30．469%、0．468%、0．512%P＞0．050．394%0．406%0．535%P＜0．05P＞0．05P＞0．054A．30．202%0．2