富营养化水体水生植物修复机理的研究进展黄亚

2005,24():379-383JournalofAgro-EnvironmentScience黄　亚,傅以钢,赵建夫(,　200092):,,∶,,2%～5%。、。:;;;:X52:A:1672-2043(2005)-0379-05ResearchProgressonMechanismsofPhytoremediationforEutrophicWaterHUANGYa,FUYi-gang,ZHAOJian-fu(SchoolofEnvironmentalScienceandEngineering,TongjiUniversity,Shanghai200092,China)Abstract:Phytoremediationisapromisingnewtechnologythatutilizesplantstodegrade,assimilate,metabolizeordetoxifycontaminantsintheenvironment.Thelatestresearchachievementinbothhomeandabroadonphytoremediationofeutrophica-tedwaterissummarized.Thereareseveralmechanismsofmacrophytesinpromotingnutrientsremoval,namely:providingcar-bonresourcesfordenitrification;cooperativeeffectofplantsandbacteriaandtheeffectofrelatedwetlandenzymepromotingnu-trientsremoval.Assimilationonlymakes2%～5%contributiontototalreduction.Onthebasisofthemechanismsofnutrientsremoval,theeffectofphytoremediationareassociatedwithdifferentspeciesofplants,theextentofeutrophication,morphologyofnitrogen,theculturingtype(monocultureorpolyculture),etc.Bothadvantagesanddisadvantagesofapplyingthistechnolo-gyintopracticearediscussed.Keywords:aquaticmacrophytes;phytoremediation;eutrophication;mechanism,、、,。,,,。。,、,、、,:2005-04-13:“”“”(2003BA00817):　(1982—),,,。E-mail:[e-mail],。、,,,、,,,,。,,,。,,,,。1,2630kg、403kg、4570kg[1]。,,。、,,。[2]:;;,;;。,,:、、、,,[3～7],(AcorustatarinowiiSchott),,[3]。[4](Oenanthedecumbens)、(IpomoeaaquaticaForsk)(LoliummultiflorumLam)3,,。ReetaD.Sooknah3(、、)、、,COD(Hydrocotyleumbellata)(Pistiastratiotes)。、、、COD、COD[6]。。2,。、,(),、,、。:,2%～5%[8～10],、。2.1,,,[11]。,,(300mV)[12]。,,,。,,。。,C/N5∶1。C/N5∶1,〗[12]。2.2,,BOD5,,[13]。[14]、、、,:、、、;。、、,、。,,,。,,,,380　　:20059,[15]。2.3。β-1,4-,;;,;,,、、;,1%,。,[13]。,,。,[16]。[17],COD,,。2.4、,Al3+Fe3+,,。,、、CO2pH,。,50%～65%,1%～3%,、[10]。,。S.Korner(LemmaGibbaL.),(、)、。,、(),30%～47%52%[18]。,、,,,。,、,,。,[14]。3,:3.1,,,,,。LauchlanH.Fraser,:、,、carexlacustris,,,,[5]。,[19]。[20]:。、、,,、,。3.2,。,N、P[21]。[22]、。,,,、;,、,、、,、、、、,。S.Korner[18]、,、,:、381　24　　　　　　　,,。,,。LiWen[23]:,,。3.3,。,,。,,,,,[3、4、24]。,,,,[24]。、,NO-3-NNH3-NTN[21]。。3.4,。,。、[20]。LauchlanH.Fraser、,[5]。、、31∶1,[6]。,、,。3.5,、、[21]。,,,,,。,,,,。、,。TNNH3-NTP[21]。4,、,、、,。,。,:,,,[25];,,,;,,,,。:[1]　,.[J].,2003,20(6):641-647.[2],,.[M].:,1988.83-91.[3],,.[J].(),1999,23(1):73-76.[4],,.[J].(),1997,35(4):518-522.[5]LauchlanHFraser,SpringMCarty,DavidSteer.Atestoffourplantspeciestoreducetotalnitrogenandtotalphosphorusfromsoilleachateinsubsurfacewetlandmicrocosms[J].BioresourceTechnology,2004,94:185-192.[6]ReetaDSooknah,AnnCWilkie.Nutrientremovalbyfloatingaquaticmacrophytesculturedinanaerobicallydigestedflusheddairymanurewastewater[J].EcologicalEngineering,2004,22:27-42.[7]　,　,　.[J].,2004,13(2):180-181.[8],　.———、、[M].:2004.200-208.[9]MarcusSchulz,KarinaRinke,JanKHler.Acombinedapproachofphotogrammetricalmethodsandfieldstudiestodeterminenutrientreten-tionbysubmersedmacrophytesinrunningwaters[J].AquaticBotany,2003,76:17-29.[10],,,.382　　:20059[J].,2002,3(7):13-17.[11]SaraGerke,LawrenceABaker,YingXu.Nitrogentrasformationsinawetlandreceivinglagooneffluent:seouentialmodelandimplicationsorwaterreuse[J].WaterResearch,2001,35(16):3857-3866.[12]ToddLIngersoll,LawrenceARaker.Nitrateremovalinwetlandim-crocosms[J].WaterResearch,1998,32(3):677-684.[13]　,.[J].,2003,19(10):28-31.[14]　,,,.、[J].(),1999,33(4):575-578.[15]BernardRGlick.Phytoremediation:Synergisticuseofplantsandbac-teriatocleanuptheenvironment[J].BiotechnologyAdvances,2003(21):383-393.[16]　,,,.[J].,2002,38(6):545-548.[17].[J].,1997,23(1):10-12.[18]SKorner,VermaatJE.TherelativeimportanceofLemnaGibbaL.,bacteriaandalgaeforthenitrogenandphosphorusremovalinduckweed-covereddomesticwastewater[J].WaterResearch,1998,32(12):3651-3661.[19],,.[J].,2003,22(6):673-676.[20],　,　,.[J].,1997,17(3):247-251.[21]　.,[J].,1996,8(2):184-188.[22]　,,　.[J].,1999,19(6):690-692.[23]LiWen,FriedrichRecknagel.Insituremovalofdissolvedphosphorusinirrigationdrainagewaterbyplantedfloats:preliminaryresultsfromgrowthchamberexperiment[J].Agriculture,EcosystemsandEnviron-ment,2002,90:9-15.[24],,,.[J].,1999,19(2):106-109.[25]SridharSusarla,VictorFMedina,StevenCMcCutcheon.Phytoreme-diation:Anecologicalsolutiontoorganicchemicalcontamination[J].EcologicalEngineering,2002,18:647-658.383　24