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:1007-8924(2004)02-0007-05改性PVA-CA共混超滤膜的制备与性能邱运仁1张启修2*(11;21,410083):用聚乙烯醇(PVA)乙酸纤维素(CA)冰醋酸金属氯化物水为制膜原料,用相转化法制备了掺杂金属氯化物的PVA-CA共混超滤膜.金属氯化物包括碱金属氯化物NaClKCl和碱土金属氯化物BaCl2.在一定浓度范围内,研究了金属氯化物含量对共混超滤膜性能的影响.结果表明,当膜液中碱金属氯化物NaClKCl的质量分数不超过1%时,改性共混膜在截留性能基本不变的情况下,可提高纯水通量;当其质量分数大于1.5%时,膜的纯水通量显著增加,而截留率随之而降低.其适宜的添加量约为1%,而对碱土金属氯化物BaCl2,其较佳的添加量约为1.5%;在相同操作条件下,对同样质量浓度的添加量,添加KCl的共混膜水通量最大.PVA-CA共混膜经NaCl和KCl改性后,其亲水性有所增加,经BaCl2改性后亲水性略有降低.:聚乙烯醇;乙酸纤维素;共混;相转移;超滤;改性:TQ028.8:A,[1~3].,,,.,,.,,,,[4~7].,.PVA,,,[7~12].PVA-CA[12].,PVA-CA.PVA-CA.1实验部分1.1:1750,99.8%~100%,;:54.5%~56%,();:AR,;-20:AR,;NaClKCl:AR,;BaCl2:AR,.1.2,10%,CA8%,50%,,PVA-CA[12].PVA-CA.:2002-11-18;:2002-12-27:(1966-),,,,,.*242Vo1.24No.220044MEMBRANESCIENCEANDTECHNOLOGYApr.20042膜性能评价2.1J,,L/(m2#h).2.2:1L1gTween-20,JRJ-300-Ñ()10000r/min2min.R:R=(1-cpcf)@100%cfcp.3实验结果与讨论3.11,,,.0130MPa,(),12(w).12,,,.w1%,,,.w=1%,BaCl2NaClKClPVA-CAPVA-CA0130MPa,20%28%45%,2%1.5%1%,90%.1.5%,,.BaCl2NaClKClPVA-CAPVA-CA0.30MPa,38%50%88%,2%4%6%,BaCl2PVA-CA90%.2,NaClKCl1%,BaCl2115%PVA-CA.3(a)1%NaClPVA-CA.,,,,,,.,,.3(b)2.5%NaClPVA-CA.NaCl,,.,,,.,,.#8#243NaClPVA-CA,,,.4,NaClKCl,,,;,NaClKCl.BaCl2,.Ba2+PVA,PVA,BaCl2.BaCl2,BaCl2,,BaCl2PVA-CA.43.2PVA-CAPVA-CA,1%,,,56.,0.2~0.5MPa,,.4,,.,,,,,.0.4MPa,.,,,.562:PVA-CA#9#3.3PVA-CA,NaCl1%2.5%,,.,7.7,,,.,;,,.,,,,.,(3),,,,,,.7NaCl4结论1),PVA-CA,.2)1%,Ba-Cl2NaClKClPVA-CAPVA-CA,0.30MPa,20%28%45%,2%1.5%1%,90%.3),NaClKCl1%,BaCl21.5%.4)NaClKCl,;BaCl2,.[1]CiardelliG,CorsiL,MarcucciM.Membraneseparationforwastewaterreuseinthetextileindustry[J].Resources,ConservationandRecycling,2001,31(2):189~197.[2]TavaresCR,BergamascoR,PetrusJCC.Applicationofultrafiltration-complexationprocessformetalremovalfrompulpandpaperindustrywastewater[J].JMembrSci,2001,194(2):273~276.[3]NakatsukaS,AseT,MiyanoT.Highfluxultrafiltrationmembranefordrinkingwaterproduction[J].WaterSciTechnol:WaterSupply,2001,1(5-6):177~184.[4]GuA.Studyofultrafiltraionmembranemadefrompolyvinylchloride/polyacrylonitrileblend[P].Polymer-PlasticsTechnolEng,2001,40(5):615~625.[5]SchauerJ,AlbrechtW,WeigelT.Microporousmembranespreparedfromblendsofpolysulfoneandsulfonatedpoly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenyleneoxide)[J].JApplPolymSci,2001,81(1):134~142.[6]BowenW,RichardD,TeodoraA,etal.Polysulfone-su-lfonatedpoly(etherether)ketoneblendmembranes:Sys-tematicsynthesisandcharacterization[J].JMembrSci,2001,181(2):253~263.[7],,.-[J].,1999,19(3):1~7.[8]KatzMG,WydevenT.SelectivepermeabilityofPVAmembranes.Ò.Heattreatedmembranes[J].JApplPolymSci,1982,27(1):79~87.[9],,.PVA[J].,2001,21(5):25~28.[10]JegalJ,LeeKH.Pervaporationseparationofwater-ethanolmixturesthroughPVA-sodiumalginateblendmembranes[J].JApplPolymSci,1996,61(2):389~392.#10#24[11]MatsuyamaH,TeradaA,NakagawaraT,etal.FacilitatetransportofCO2throughpolyethylenenimine/poly(vinylalcohol)blendmembrane[J].JMembrSci,1999,163(2):221~227.[12],.-[J].,2001,21(10):28~31.PreparationandpropertiesofthemodifiedPVA-CAblendultrafiltrationmembraneQIUYunren1,ZHANGQixiu2(1.CollegeofChemistryandChemicalEngineering,CentralSouthUniversity,Changsha410083,China;2.MetallurgicalSeparationScienceandEngineeringLaboratory,CentralSouthUniversity,Changsha510083,China)Abstract:ThemodifiedPVA-CAblendultrafiltrationmembraneswerepreparedbyphaseinversionfromthecastingsolutionsconsistingofpolyvinylalcohol(PVA),celluloseacetate(CA),aceticacid,metalchlorideandwa-ter.MetalchloridesusedinthisstudyincludealkalimetalchlorideKClandNaCl,andalkaliearthmetalchlorideBaCl2.Theeffectsofdifferentconcentrationofmetalchloridesonthepropertiesofmembraneswereinvestigat-ed.Theresultsshowthatwhenthemassfractionofthealkalimetalchlorideinthecastingsolutionislessthan1%,theoilrejectionoftheo/wemulsionforthesaltmodifiedultrafiltrationPVA-CAblendmembranehaslittlechangecomparedwiththeunmodifiedPVA-CAblendmembrane,butthepermeatefluxismuchgreaterthanthatofunmodifiedmembraneunderthesameoperation.Whenthemassfractionofthesaltisgreaterthan1.5%,thepermeatefluxincreasesmuchgreaterthanthatofunmodifiedmembrane,butthepropertyofrejectionofthealkalimetalmodifiedultrafiltrationmembranedecreasesdrastically.Thus,thesuitablemassfractionofNaClorKClisabout1%,buttheoptimalmassfractionoftheBaCl2isabout1.5%.TheresultsalsoshowthatKClmodifiedPVA-CAblendUFmembrane,hasthegreatestwaterfluxunderthesameoperationcondition.BothNaClandKClmodifiedPVA-CAblendmembranescanincreasethehydrophilicityofmembranealittle,buttheBaCl2modifiedblendmembraneslightlydecreasethehydrophilicity.Keywords:polyvinylalcohol;celluloseacetate;polymerblends;phaseinversion;ultrafiltration;modification520036,5810.66920.57130.55140.53850.51960.48670.43780.42990.421100.391110.367120.364130.329140.318150.313160.313170.310180.309190.307200.298210.283220.278230.271240.269250.265260.242270.238280.234290.232300.220310.209320.20233CHINJCHEMENGI0.196340.193340.193360.190370.180380.180390.179400.176410.171420.164430.156440.156450.152460.143470.138480.132490.116500.114510.094520.077530.076540.074550.066560.058570.047580.030()2:PVA-CA#11#