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18119971ENVIRONMENTALSCIENCEVol.18,No.1Jan.,1997*:1996-05-24J*李中和 祝万鹏 杨志华 蒋展鹏(,100084)王连生(,)N235--H2SO4-NaOH-J.,,JCODCr95%,CODCr500-2000mg/L,95%;5-10.,.,J,,.J,90%10%[1],,[2,3].(-SO3-)(-NH2)(-OH),,-,,,.,-J;,,.11.1J:,1.1JpHCODCr/mgL-1/gL-1J/%J/%/%J/%0.1-1.520000-6000050-15050170.22(N235),,,.1.2HP1090;TA-LACOD;721;pHS-3B.1.3-1.122.1-2.,O/A(OA)pH;,(NaOH)O/B(OB).(1)O/A2.2O/AA/O.2,,O/A.A/O3,95%;A/O3,.,O/A1/2.5-1/3.5.2(2)pH,H2SO4NaOHpH,pH,pH.3.pH,J,.N235:2R3N(O)+H2SO4(R3NH+)2SO2-4(O):(R3NH+)2SO2-4(O)+2R-SO-32R3NH+SO3-R,-(O)+SO2-4pH,R3N(O),.pH,:(R3NH+)2SO2-4(O)+H2SO42R3NH+HSO-4(O)N235,N235.,pH1.0-1.5.3pH(3)3min,,10min.(4)4,12-56,.,.,,;,CODCr.,.,20-50.4(5)(NaOH)1818.,(NaOH),,(5).5,16%-40%,,.32%,,,.,NaOH24%-32%.5(6)(O/B)O/B().2O/B.2NaOH(24%-32%)2-3.2/gL-1160200240320400O/B1.501.892.102.833.77()2.2,,,,3.3,,;,,.3J1)/gL-1Na2SO4/gL-1/%1011.0469.198215112.42104.2657111.0493.89784.6111.04106.28983.219.6695.17981)56g/L3(1)N235--H2SO4J.:20%-50%,1/2.5-1/3.5,pH=1.0-1.5,3-10min,10-30min,20-50.(2)NaOH,.:24%-32%,2-3,5-10min,10-30min,20-50,5-10.(3),J90%-95%,5-10,CODCr500-2000mg/L.(4),J,,.1.,1992,68(2):892.,1989,26(6):63.,1994,93(3):139191HUANJINGKEXUEAbstractsEnvironmentalScienceVol.18No.1,1997TheEffectof2-NitrofluoreneExposureonGillStruc-tureoftheGrassCarp.YuGangandXuXiaobai(Re-searchCenterforEco-EnvironmentalSciences,ChineseAcademyofSciences,Beijing100085):Chin.J.Envi-ron.Sci.,18(1),1997,pp.1-3Nitratedpolycyclicaromatichydrocarbonsareaclassofimportantpollutantswithdirect-actingmutagenici-tiesandcarcinogenicities.2-nitrofluoreneisarepresen-tativecompoundofnitro-PAHs.Thispaperreportedtheeffectof2-nitrofluoreneexposureongillstructureofthegrasscarp.After2,4,10daysofexposure,gilloffishwasexaminedunderelectronmicroscope.Themostseveregilllisionsincludedthehypertrophyandincreasednumberofchloridecells.Thistypeofstruc-turedamageshowsaclosesimilaritytothosecausedbyotherpollutants,suchaslindan.Keywords:2-nitrofluorene,grasscarp,gill,toxicalef-fect.TheBlownSandDisasterAlongTarimDesertOil-TransportationHighway.DongZhibao,ChenGuang-tingetal.(InstituteofDesertResearch,ChineseA-cademyofSciences,Lanzhou730000):Chin.J.Envi-ron.Sci.,18(1),1997,pp.4-9Bymeansoffieldobservationandlaboratoryexperi-ment,thegenerationoftheblownsanddisasteralongTarimdesertoil-transportationhighwaywasanalysed,theextentassessmentmodelwasestablished.Finallytheconclusionsreachedare:(1)Inthetemporaldis-tribution,thedisasterismainlyconcentratedonspringandsummer(April-September),themostsevereisinApril.(2)Inthespatialdistribution,thedisasterismoreintensiveintothedesert.(3)Extentzonesareoutlinedaccortingtothetheoreticallyestimatedvaluesofblownsanddisasterextent,whichfitwellintheblownsanddisasterphenomenaobservedandrecord-ed.Keywords:blownsanddisaster,tempo-spatialdistru-bution,Tarimdesertoil-transportationhighway.StudyonDegradationofPhenolicCompoundsbyCan-didamaltosa.YinPing,YangYanxiandYangHuifang(InstituteofMicrobiology,ChineseAcademyofSciences,Beijing100080):Chin.J.Environ.Sci.,18(1),1997,pp.10-13Degradationof15kindsofphenoliccompoundsbyCandidamaltosa10-4wasstudied.Thisyeastcanuti-lizedihydricphenolandtrihydricphenolassolecarbonsourceforgrowth.Threekindsofdihydricphenol(300mg/L)canbedegraded97%-99%in48hours.Nitrophenol,aminophenolandcresolcannotbeusedassolecarbonsource,butnitrophenolandaminophe-nolcanbeusedasnitrogensourceforgrowth.Withglucoseascarbonsourceand(NH3)2SO4asnitrogensource,thegrowthanddegradationactivitycanbepromotedobviously.Removalofmononitrophenol(300mg/L)canreach93%-100%,2-or4-cresol86%andmonoaminophenol68%-84%.Withsubsti-tutinggroupsincrease,degradationofphenoliccom-poundsbecomeslower.Cellsadaptedby1200mg/Lofphenolcanoxidatehighconcentration(2800mg/L)ofphenoland15kindsofphenoliccompounds(300mg/L)todifferentdegree.Keywords:phenoliccompound,Candidamaltosa,degradation.NitrogenContentDynamicVariationAnalysisintheSecondSonghuaRiver.LiuJingshuang,YuJunbaoetal.(ChangchunInstituteofGeography,ChineseA-cademyofSciences,Changchun130021):Chin.J.En-viron.Sci.,18(1),1997,pp.14-16Space-timevariationlawofnitrogencontentindiffer-entriversections,waterperiodsandyearsinthesec-ondSonghuaRiverweredescribedindetail.There-sultsshowedthattherearedirectrelationbetweenni-trogencontentvariationinwaterandnitrogeninwastewatertocomefromcitiesandrunoffwaterofbothbanksoftheriver.Nitrateandnitritecontentsinwa-terinfloodperiodarehigherthanthatofmidandlowwaterperiods.Infloodperiod,nitratecontentinwa-terincreasesgraduallywithextensionofriversection,ammoniacontentinpollutedriversectionishigherthanthatofunpollutedriversection.Nitrateandni-tritecontentsinwaterinthreewaterperiodsfrom1985to1989areslightlyhigherthanthatfrom1980to1984andfrom1990to1994,ammoniacontentinwaterincreasedannually.Keywords:nitrogencontent,space-timevariationlaw,theSecondSonghuaRiver.AResearchonTechnologyforRecoveryResourcefromHighConcentrationJ-AcidWasteLiquors.LiZhonghe,ZhuWanpengetal.(Dept.ofEnviron.Eng.,TsinghuaUniversity,Beijing100084):Chin.J.Environ.Sci.,18(1),1997,pp.17-19J-acidwasteliquorsisahighconcentrationorganicwas