高水力负荷人工湿地处理富营养化湖水汪俊三

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汪俊三1, 覃 环2(1.国家环境保护总局华南环境科学研究所,广东广州510655;2.华南农业大学动物科学系,广东广州510642)   : 采用人工湿地处理星云湖富营养化水(1000m3/d),共筛选出60多种植物,并将水力负荷提高到1m3/(m2·d)。连续32个月的运行结果表明,高水力负荷人工湿地对非离子氨、叶绿素a和蓝藻的平均去除率分别达到90%以上,对TP的去除率达到68.83%,对BOD5、NH3-N、TN也有很好的去除效果,可将地表IV类水质处理为II类水质。此外,还分析了不同进水pH值、DO值、季节变化和不同运行时期对各类污染物的去除规律。  : 高水力负荷; 人工湿地; 富营养化水体; 除藻:X703.1  :A  :1000-4602(2005)01-0001-04ConstructedWetlandatHighHydraulicLoadingforEutrophicLakeWaterTreatmentWANGJun-san1, QINHuan2(1.SouthChinaInstituteofEnvironmentalScience,NationalEnvironmentalProtectionAdmi-nistration,Guangzhou510655,China;2.Dept.ofAnimalScience,SouthChinaAgriculturalUniversity,Guangzhou510642,China)  Abstract: ConstructedwetlandwasusedtotreattheeutrophicXingyunLakewater(1000m3/d),andmorethan60vegetableswereselectedandthehydraulicloadingwasraisedto1m3/(m2·d).Aftercontinuousoperationfor32months,itwasshowedthattheconstructedwetlandathighhydraulicloadinghasremovalrateofover90%respectivelyforammonia,chlorophyllaandbluealgae,andTPremovalratecomesupto68.83%.ItisalsoefficientinremovingBOD5,NH3-N,andTN,andthesurfacewaterqualitycanbeupgradedfromIV-classtoII-class.Furthermore,analysiswasmadeontheremovalofallkindsofpollutantundertheconditionsofvariouspHandDOvaluesininfluent,anddifferentseasonsandoperationperiods.  Keywords: highhydraulicloading; constructedwetland; eutrophicwaterbody; algaere-moval  ,,1.83×108m3,IV。,,II。20×104m3/d,、。、、、,0.2~0.4m3/(m2·d)[1~4]。20hm2,≥0.8~1.0m3/·1·第21卷 第1期2005年1月            中国给水排水CHINAWATER&WASTEWATER             Vol.21No.1Jan.2005(m2·d)。1 运行条件与方法① 20019—20045:BOD53.1mg/L,CODMn5.1mg/L,TP0.077mg/L,TN1.104mg/L,273.09×104/L,a32.95mg/m3,0.060mg/L。② :※※※※※※。(××):13m×10.8m×1.7m,13m×22.3m×1.2m,13m×9.2m×2.0m,13m×23.8m×0.8m,13m×10.8m×1.2m。1000m3/d,1m3/(m2·d)。③ ,1/。:;pH:;DO:;CODMn:;BOD5:;NH3-N:;NO-3-N:;NO-2-N:;TN:;TP:;a:。2 结果与讨论2.1 32,1。CODMnBOD5,BOD5,CODMn、BOD5II。1m3/(m2·d),19.89h,DO2~3mg/L,,pH8.1~9.2,,BOD53mg/L,BOD5/TKN2.8(5~8),,,TN。NH3-N,NH3-N《》(GB3838—2002)II(0.5mg/L)。1 Tab.1 TheresultsandtheremovalratesofthecontaminantsinconstructedwetlandsCODMn/(mg·L-1)/(mg·L-1)/%5.13.335.29BOD5/(mg·L-1)/(mg·L-1)/%3.11.261.29TN/(mg·L-1)/(mg·L-1)/%1.1040.55250.00NH3-N/(mg·L-1)/(mg·L-1)/%0.3750.17254.13/(mg·L-1)/(mg·L-1)/%0.0600.00493.33TP/(mg·L-1)/(mg·L-1)/%0.0770.02468.83/(104·L-1)/(104·L-1)/%273.090.34499.87a/(mg·m-3)/(mg·m-3)/%32.9540.51098.45  TP,TP0.024mg/L,GB3838—2002II、TP≤0.025mg/L。,。,,,。,60,,。a,a、a。,,。2.2 2.2.1 ,8~23℃,3~4,。① BOD5、CODMn,BOD5,BOD5;CODMn。·2·第1期                   中国给水排水                  第21卷② NH3-N、TN,NH3-N、。NH3-N54%,57.22%;、,、92%;TN,TN。③ TP、a,TP,TP;a、。2.2.2 pH,pH8.14,9.20。pH8.80pH8.40。① BOD5CODMnpH7.0~8.0BOD5(63%);pH8.8BOD553.89%;pHCODMn。② NH3-N、TNpH8.0~8.4,pH,,NH3-N;pH,,pHpH;pHTN,pHTNpH27.83%。③ TP、a、,pHTPpH11.49%。pHa,98%;pH(pH2.13),(99.93%)。2.2.3 DO,DO0.8~9.58mg/L,DO(6mg/L)DO(3mg/L)2。2 DOTab.2 PerformanceofremovingpollutantsindifferentDODODOBOD5/(mg·L-1)3.62.8/(mg·L-1)1.01.1/%72.2260.71CODMn/(mg·L-1)5.54.7/(mg·L-1)3.43.2/%38.1831.91NH3-N/(mg·L-1)0.5190.215/(mg·L-1)0.1010.129/%80.6440.00/(mg·L-1)0.0410.056/(mg·L-1)0.0050.003/%88.8094.64TN/(mg·L-1)1.6130.903/(mg·L-1)0.3450.399/%78.6155.81TP/(mg·L-1)0.1170.083/(mg·L-1)0.0250.034/%78.6359.04a/(mg·m-3)25.2335.76/(mg·m-3)0.380.082/%98.4999.77/(104·L-1)150.39228.31/(104·L-1)0.830.31/%99.4599.86  ,,;BOD5,,。,DO3mg/L,,TN。、,DO(),DOTP。DO,a98%。2.3 ① DO,DO15.9%,36.4%。DO、,(、)。DO·3·第1期            汪俊三,等:高水力负荷人工湿地处理富营养化湖水            第21卷3。3 DOTab.3 DOchangeinconstructedwetlandindifferentrunningperiodsmg·L-1DODO6.345.285.333.36  ② 4。4 Tab.4 PerformanceofpollutantsremovingindifferentrunningperiodsBOD5/(mg·L-1)2.62.7/(mg·L-1)1.10.7/%57.6974.07CODMn/(mg·L-1)4.83.9/(mg·L-1)3.62.7/%25.0030.77NH3-N/(mg·L-1)0.2930.242/(mg·L-1)0.1210.127/%58.7047.52/(mg·L-1)0.0350.043/(mg·L-1)0.0050.003/%85.7193.02TN/(mg·L-1)0.8231.048/(mg·L-1)0.9620.366/%-16.8965.08TP/(mg·L-1)0.0660.082/(mg·L-1)0.0260.026/%60.6168.29a/(mg·m-3)28.48320.233/(mg·m-3)1.2100.203/%95.7599.00/(104·L-1)95.167167.167/(104·L-1)1.2500.000/%98.69100.00  NH3-N,DO,NH3-N。。TN,,TN,。,TN65.08%,TN。,,,,TP。,100%。3 结论① 1m3/(m2·d),[0.2~0.4m3/(m2·d)]2.5~5,60%。② ,IVII,、a、90%,、、、BOD568.83%、54.13%、50.00%、61.29%,CODMn(35.29%)。③ 32,、pHDO。,;pH,pHBOD5、TN、NH3-N、TP。:[1] .[J].,1997,(6):50-52.[2] ,,,.[J].,2001,22(4):95-99.[3] ,,,.[J].,2002,13(6):715-718.[4] ,,,.[J].,2003,19(2):93-94.:(1943- ), , , , 1980、,———,2,20。:(020)85538221E-mail:wangjunsan@21cn.com:2004-09-19·4·第1期                   中国给水排水                  第21卷

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