高速氮去除和微生物群落的上流厌氧反应器与陶瓷作为生物质载体2014

High-ratenitrogenremovalandmicrobialcommunityofanup-flowanammoxreactorwithceramicsasbiomasscarrierYuhuiRena,DongLib,XiangkunLia,LiuYanga,AnDinga,JieZhanga,⇑aStateKeyLaboratoryofUrbanWaterResourceandEnvironment,HarbinInstituteofTechnology,73HuangheRoad,Harbin150090,ChinabKeyLaboratoryofWaterQualityScienceandWaterEnvironmentRecoveryEngineering,BeijingUniversityofTechnology,Beijing100124,ChinahighlightsANLRandNRRof1.16gNL1d1,1.0gNL1d1wereachievedatHRT1.5h.TheDOhadlittleinfluenceonnitrogenremovalefficiencyevenitwas1.0mgL1.WiththedecreaseinHRT,anenhancedforTNremovalperformancewasachieved.CandidatusJetteniaasiaticashowedhighanammoxactivityevenat20±2C.articleinfoArticlehistory:Received5March2014Receivedinrevisedform22April2014Accepted23April2014Availableonline29May2014HandlingEditor:O.HaoKeywords:AnammoxLowtemperatureLowammoniaconcentration16SrRNAphylogenicanalysisT-RFLPabstractNitrogenremovalperformanceandresponsiblemicrobialcommunityofanammoxprocessatlowtem-peratures,andlongtermeffectofdissolvedoxygen(DO)ontheperformanceofanammoxprocesswereinvestigatedinabiofilmreactor,whichwasoperatedat33±1C(159d)and20±2C(162d)withaninfluentDOconcentrationof0.7–1.5mgL1.Nitrogenremovalrecoveredto70%after2wkwiththetemperaturedrasticallydecreasingfrom33±1Cto20±2C.At20±2C,theaverageeffluent(NH4+–N+NO2–N)concentrationwas0.08±0.08mgL1atahydraulicretentiontimeof1.5h.Atotalnitrogenremovalefficiencyofthereactorof1.0gNL1d1wasobtainedforuptoonemonthwhilethenitrogenloadingratewas1.16gNL1d1.ResultsofT-RFLPand16SrRNAphylogenicanalysisrevealedthatCandidatusJetteniaasiatica,asconfirmedtoadapttolowtemperature,wasconsideredtoberesponsibleforthestableandhighnitrogenremovalperformance.2014ElsevierLtd.Allrightsreserved.1.IntroductionConventionalwastewatertreatmentsystemsfornitrogenremovalrequirealargeamountofenergytocreateaerobiccondi-tionsforbiologicalnitrification,andalsouseexternalorganiccar-bontoremovenitratebybiologicaldenitrification,thereforeaneconomicalammoniumremovalprocessshouldberequired.Thepartialnitritation–anammoxsystem,comparestotheconventionalnitrification/denitrification,avoidstherequirementoforganiccar-bonsourcetodenitrify,allowssavingover65%oftheoxygensup-plyandproducesaloweramountofsludge(Fuxetal.,2002).Partialnitritationisaccomplishedaspre-treatmentinanaerobicreactorwhere50%ofammoniaisoxidizedintonitriteanditsefflu-entisusedastheinfluentforsubsequenceanammoxprocess.While,theDOconcentrationwascommonlycontrolledinarangeof0.4–1.3mgL1inthepartialnitritationreactor(Chuangetal.,2007;Tangetal.,2011;Zhengetal.,2012),whichwouldleadtotheinhibitionoftheactivityofanammoxbacteriacausedbytheoxygenexistingintheeffluentofthepartialnitritationreactor.Moreover,itrequireshighcostformaintainingabsolutelyanaero-biccondition.Therefore,thepossibilityandstabilityofcultivatinganammoxconsortiuminareactorunderDOconditions(0.4–1.3mgL1)shouldbeevaluatedfortheapplicationofanammoxprocessatlowtemperatures.Whilethedifficultiescouldbeover-comebyusingthebiofilmreactorbecausealayerofbiofilmwithvariousbacterialspeciesandsteadybacterialcommunitystructureandfunctioncouldformonthesurfaceofthefillinginthereactor(Xiaoetal.,2009).Biofilmshavebeenshowntobeasimplerandmoreeffectivemethodofimmobilizinganammoxbacteriaonaccountoftheirimprovedabilitytoretainbiomasswithinthereac-torsystemscomparedtosuspendedsludgereactorsandthelargecontributionofthebiofilmtowardstotalreactoractivity(DeClippeleiretal.,2011;Hendrickxetal.,2012;Taoetal.,2012).2014ElsevierLtd.Allrightsreserved.⇑Correspondingauthor.Tel.:[phone];fax:[phone].E-mailaddress:[e-mail](J.Zhang).Chemosphere113(2014)125–131ContentslistsavailableatScienceDirectChemospherejournalhomepage:(500mgNL1)andhightemperatures(30–40C),suchaslandfillleachate,andthesupernatantofdigestedsludge(Szatkowskaetal.,2007;VanderStaretal.,2007).Duetotheverylowgrowthrate(0.003h1)(Jettenetal.,1999)andhighoptimumtemperature(30–40C)(Strousetal.,1999;Isakaetal.,2007)ofanammoxbacteria,themainchallengeforapplyinganammoxinmunicipalwastewatertreatmentistoachieveahighrateprocesswithgoodbiomassretentionandaloweffluentnitrogenconcentration(Hendrickxetal.,2012).Theapplicationofanammoxprocessesatlowtemper-atures(620C)andlownitrogenconcentration(100mgNL1)hasalsobeenachallengingproblem.Thepurposeofthisstudywastoinvestigatethefeasibilityofapplyingtheanammoxprocessasthetemperaturedrasticallydecreasedfrom33±1Cto20±2C.Meanwhile,thenitrogenremovalperformancewasstudiedat20±2Candlownitrogenconcentrationbydecreasingthehydraulicretentiontime(HRT)inthebiofilmanammoxreactor,ofwhichtheinfluentcontainedsomeDO.T-RFLPandphylogenicanalysisonthe16SrRNAgenewereappliedtoanalyzethemicrobialcommunitystructureinthisanammoxreactor.2.Materialsandmethods2.1.Experimentalset-upandoperationstrategyAnup-flowcolumnreactorwithanapparentgrossvolumeof3.8L(id:100mm)andaneffectivevolumeof1.