高效藻类塘处理农村生活污水研究黄翔峰

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黄翔峰, 池金萍, 何少林, 李旭东, 杨殿海, 周 琪(同济大学污染控制与资源化研究国家重点实验室,上海200092)   : 对高效藻类塘处理太湖地区农村生活污水的效果进行了研究。结果表明,太湖地区农村生活污水的水质受季节影响变化较大,秋、冬季的有机物浓度较夏季高3~4倍;高效藻类塘内存在的菌藻共生体系使塘内溶解氧浓度较高(保持好氧状态),而pH值则存在周期性变化;对COD的平均去除率可达70%,氨氮主要通过硝化作用去除,去除率90%,磷酸盐主要通过沉淀作用去除,去除率为50%。系统运行效果受季节性光照和温度变化影响很大,夏季停留时间需4d,冬季需8d。较高流速可强化系统的传质效果,提高了对污染物的去除能力。塘深较浅时,塘深对处理效果影响不大。高效藻类塘系统能较好地净化太湖地区的农村生活污水。  : 高效藻类塘; 农村生活污水; 太湖; 脱氮除磷:X703.1  :A  :1000-4602(2006)05-0035-05  :(863)(2002AA601012)TreatmentofDomesticWastewaterwithHigh-rateAlgalPondinRuralAreasHUANGXiang-feng, CHIJin-ping, HEShao-lin, LIXu-dong, YANGDian-hai, ZHOUQi(StateKeyLaboratoryofPollutionControlandResourceReuse,TongjiUniversity,Shanghai200092,China)  Abstract: Thetreatmentofdomesticwastewaterwasstudiedwithhigh-ratealgalpondinruralareaofTaihu.Thestudyshowsthatthecharacteristicsofdomesticwastewaterintheruralareavaryremark-ablyindifferentseasons.Inautumnandwinter,theorganicstrengthisobservedtobe3to4timesofthestrengthinsummer.Duetothemutualismrelationshipbetweenalgaeandbacteriainthepond,dissolvedoxygenconcentrationalwaysremainsatahighlevelandaperiodicchangeeachdayisshowninpHleve.lInsuchapondsystem,CODremovalisabout70%.Ammonianitrogenismainlyremovedvianitrifica-tionandtheremovalefficiencyisupto90%.OwingtotheprecipitationathighpH,phosphorusremovalreaches50%.Thetreatmentperformanceofthesystemdependsgreatlyontheavailabilityofsunshineandvariationoftemperature.Therefore,theHRTneedstobeincreasedfrom4daysinsummerto8daysinwinter.Thehighvelocitycanpromotemasstransferandthusimprovethetreatmentperformance.Thewaterdepthisfoundtohavelittleeffectonthetreatmentperformance.High-ratealgalpondisabletotreatthedomesticwastewatergeneratedinruralarea.  Keywords: high-ratealgalpond; domesticwastewaterfromruralarea; Taihu; nitrogenandphosphorusremoval35第22卷 第5期2006年3月            中国给水排水CHINAWATERWASTEWATER             Vo.l22No.5Mar.2006  ,,。,,。(HighRateAlgaePond,HRAP)Oswald[1]。,、O2CO2、,、。,、,。、、、、、、、、[2、3],,。。1 试验方法与试验设计1.1 。1.5km,,,2300,700。(AB),1。1.0m、0.32m,0.3m0.4m,10mm,45°,5mm。0.2m0.3m,61L92L。,0.6m,30mm。,。,12h。1 Fig.1 Experimentalset-upandflowchart1.2 ,。1。1  Tab.1 Characteristicsofrawwastewater  mgL-1COD46.8~416.91.8~108.317.1~138.21.1~5.71.3~9.01.3 ,6:00—18:00,,,。7—8,8。,,,。2。2 Tab.2 Operatingparametersofexperimentalruns/m/d/(ms-1)A10.2040.158—920.2040.2093、0.2080.2010—114、0.2060.2011—1B5、0.3080.2010—116、0.3060.2011—11.4 pH、、COD、、、、、、,1~2/,[4]。2 试验结果与分析2.1 pH、DO,pH:,pH10:00—15:00;,,pH,。pH,pH(6.8~9.5)(7.5~8.7)。pH、、。pH,pH。CO2(CO2—36第5期                   中国给水排水                  第22卷HCO-3—CO2-3)pH,。pH,、,,pH。,,,pH。pH,。,。,,。,,DO,10:30,。,,,,,。,、,、,。(8~9mg/L)、(11~12mg/L),。2.2 2COD。2 CODFig.2 CODremovaleffectinHRAP,、CO2,,,,,、,。,、,()。,COD。,,、3~4。COD250mg/L,4d、0.2m/sCOD100mg/L;COD250~400mg/L,0.2m/s,(8d)COD50~100mg/L。2.3 34。3 Fig.3 AmmonianitrogenremovaleffectinHRAP4 Fig.4 TotalnitrogenremovaleffectinHRAP80%,1.8~70mg/L,4d、37第5期黄翔峰,等:高效藻类塘处理农村生活污水研究第22卷0.2m/s10mg/L;、70~110mg/L,8d5mg/L。,90%~97%。。20~70mg/L,50%;、70~138mg/L,8d30%。A,。、。,。B.PicotNO-2-NNO-3-N,[3];Mclean[5]。,,,。,,、,、pH6.0~7.57.4~8.3,pH[6]。pH、,,。2.4 56。5 Fig.5 TotalphosphorusremovaleffectinHRAP2~6mg/L,50%;、5~9mg/L,(8d)45%。。,20%。pHCa2+,pH8。pH,B.Picot85%PO3-4-PpH[3],Mi-chael90%[7]。pH,;、8d,TP、PO3-4-P,,pH(11)。6 Fig.6 PhosphateremovaleffectinHRAP2.5 2.5.1 ,。,,、;、,、,。,。,4d、8d。2.5.2 ,。38第5期                   中国给水排水                  第22卷,。、,,。,,,18~25℃。,25~30℃,15℃。。2.5.3 1、2,0.15m/s0.20m/s,3。3 Tab.3 Effectofcross-sectionalvelocityontreatmentperformanceCOD/(mgL-1)/%/(mgL-1)/%/(mgL-1)/%/(mgL-1)/%/(mgL-1)/%188.3337.232.9787.847.6832.12.7532.14.0728.72186.670.242.8590.245.3452.92.2853.83.3855.4  3,COD,,,,。2.5.4 :。,;,、,。,0.2~0.6m,0.5~2.0m[8]。,3、5、,0.2m0.3m,0.80.5,2~45~6,0.2~0.3m,。4,0.2~0.6m。3 结论① ,、3~4。。② ,pH,。COD70%,90%,50%。;,pH。③ (0.20m/s),,(0.15m/s)。(0.2~0.6m),。④ ,4d,8d。。:[1]GimezE,CasellasC,PicotB.Ammoniaeliminationprocessesinstabilizationandhigh-ratealgaepondsys-tems[J].WatSciTech,1995,31(7):303-312.[2] ,,.、[J].,2000,(1):13-16.[3] PicotB.Nutrientremovalbyhighratepondsysteminamediterraneanclimate(France)[J].WatSciTech,1991,23(8):1535-1541.[4] .(4)[M].:,2002.[5] McleanBM,BaskaranK,ConnorMA.Theuseofalgal-bacterialbiofilmstoenhancenitrificationratesinlagoons:experienceunderlaboratoryandpilot-scaleconditions[J].WatSciTech,2000,42(10-11):187-194.[6] .[J].,1999,25(7):37-39.[7] CostaRHR,MedriW,PerdomoCC.High-ratepondfortreatmentofpiggerywastes[J].WatSciTech,2000,42(10-11):357-362.[8] ,.[J].,2001,8:41-43.:(1974- ), , , 、, 。:(021)65982592 28516039E-mail:hxf@mai.ltongj.iedu.cn:2005-10-2539第5期黄翔峰,等:高效藻类塘处理农村生活污水研究第22卷

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