高效藻类塘氮磷去除机理的研究进展何少林

78Vol.7,No.820068TechniquesandEquipmentforEnvironmentalPollutionControlAug.2006何少林1　黄翔峰1　乔　丽2　李旭东1　陈　广1　安　丽1　杨殿海1　周　琪1(1.,200092;2.,430064)　　,,,。　　　　　X703.1　　　A　　　1008-9241(2006)08-0006-06ResearchprogressontheremovalmechanismsofnitrogenandphosphateinhighratealgalpondsHeShaolin1　HuangXiangfeng1　QiaoLi2　LiXudong1　ChenGuang1　AnLi1　YangDianhai1　ZhouQi1(1.SchoolofEnvironmentalScienceEngineering,TongjiUniversity,Shanghai200092;2.DepartmentofUrbanConstruction,HuazhongUniversityofScienceandTechnologyWuchangBranch,Wuchang430064)Abstract　Inthispaperthehistoryandcharacteristicsofhighratealgalpondsarefirstlyintroduced.Thenthebiologicalcharacteristicsandtheruleofphysicochemicalchangesinhighratealgalpondsarepresented.Fur-thermore,theremovalmechanismsofnitrogenandphosphateandinfluencingfactorsinhighratealgalpondsareespeciallydiscussedandsummarized.Finallythefeasibilityofusinghighratealgalpondtocontrolthenon-pointpollutionisdicussed.Keywords　highratealgalpond;ammoniavolatilization;nitrification;chemicalprecipitation:“863”(2002AA601012):2005-05-04;:2005-11-14:(1977～),,,:。E-mail:[e-mail]　　(highratealgalpond,HRAP)Oswald2050[1,2]。,,-,,、、[3]。3[4,5]:(1),0.5～2.0m,HRAP0.3～0.6m;(2),,;(3),4～10d,。2060Oswald,、、,,,、、、,,。、、、、、、、、,[6～11]。1　,。,,,,;,8:,。,pHDO,。　　1.1　,。Oswald[12]:106CO2+236H2O+16NH+4+HPO2-4C106H181O45N16P+118O2+171H2O+14H+(1),,[13]。Gideon[14]1,1∶100,1011/L。　　,。1.2　,,pHDO。1.2.1　pH值的变化pH,pH,pH。CO2—HCO-3—CO2-3pH。Henderson-HasselbachCO2-3HCO-3pH[15]:pH=pK2+log(CO2-3/HCO-3):pK210.3。,,,CO2-3/HCO-3,pH;,,,CO2-3/HCO-3,pH。,pH。14∶00,pH10～11[4,16]。1.2.2　DO值的变化。。、。,,、,;,,。,DO。Picot[16]19896DOmax35mg/L,DO0。2　2。;pH,、。。,,。2.1　。,;,NH+4,。2.1.1　藻类同化吸收。McCarthy[17]1977。,。Oswald(1),1,16。,9.22%,,8%。,,77[18～20]。2.1.2　高pH值下的氨氮挥发pH,,,。Konig[21],,pH9,40%;pH10,80%。Picot[16]pH、2,13∶00～15∶00pH9,94%。,,pH8.6,。,pH(P0.1%)。,,[4,16,22,23]。Picot[4]36.1%46.3%“”,,;Shelef[23]。García[24]233%,32%,;35%,47%。García,,,。。,,,。,,。2.1.3　硝化作用Nurdogan[18],,pHDO,。Picot[4]Shelef[23]。García[24]、Cromar[25]、Gómez[22][3]()。,Pi-cot[4]pHDO,pH8～10、DO0～35mg/L。,。Cromar[25]DO6～10mg/L,pH7.4～10.8,,。García[24][3]Cromar。Cromar[26]。,,[27]。,Nurdogan[15],CaNH4PO4MgNH4PO4。。2.2　。Oswald(1)1%。,Mesplé[28]a2.33～3.5gP/gChla,a;Mesplé[28],2.33gP/gChla。Mesplé[28],2,10%,30%。,Mesplé[28]。,Mesplé[28],[29]。,Ca2+、Mg2+,。pH。Picot[16]pH、2,13∶00～15∶00pH9,89%。,,pH8.6,。,pH(P0.1%)。Moutin[30]pH,pH[PO4]t=2035×10-0.495pH,r2=0.69,69%88:pH;Moutin[30],pH;,。Craggs[31],。Doran[32],10%,。Moutin[30]Golterman[33],60mgP/g,92%,3.9%,3.1%,0.3%,。,Ca5(PO4)3OH,,[15]。Sukenik[34]Moutin[30]。Sukenik[34]pH,,;,。SukenikX(energydispersiveX-rayanaly-zer),,Ca∶P()pH1.07～1.34;pH8.524hCa∶P1.34,Ca4H(PO4)3。Ca5(PO4)3OH,,Ca5(PO4)3OH[35]。,、。“”,Ca∶PCa5(PO4)3OH,Ca4H(PO4)3[36]。Moutin[30],pH(7.5～10),pH7.5～10。4Ca5(PO4)3OH、Ca3(PO4)2、CaHPO4·2H2OCa4H(PO4)3,Ca3(PO4)2pH7.5～10,Ca3(PO4)2。2.3　。,,、、。2.3.1　温度和光照。,,18～25℃。,,,,,。,,,。,,,。Cromar[26](daylength)。,。,12～16h,。2.3.2　进水水质Cromar[25,37]C∶N∶PCOD。,C∶N∶PCOD,;CODC∶N∶P,COD。2.3.3　水深和水面面积Picot[5]3。30.3m、0.45m0.6m。,0.6m;0.45m;,0.6mTPKN,0.45mPO4NH497。Craggs[31]22,2。2.3.4　停留时间García[24,29]Cromar[37]。,,,,,,。,,,、。3　,,、,。,。,,。,,,、。、,,,。,,,。,,,。[1]OswaldW.J.,GotassH.G.,etal.Algaeinwastetreat-ment.SewageInd.Wastes,1957,29(4):437～457[2]OswaldW.J.Highratealgalpondinwastedisposal.Dev.Ind.Biotechnol.,1963,4:112～119[3].[].:,2001[4]PicotB.,HalouaniH.E.L.,etal.NutrientremovalbyhighratepondsysteminaMediterraneanclimate(France).Wat.Sci.Tech.,1991,23(7):1535～1541[5]PicotB.,BahlaouiA.,etal.Comparisonofthepurifyingefficiencyofhighratealgalpondwithstabilizationpond.Wat.Sci.Tech.,1992,25(12):197～206[6],..,2001,(8):41～43[7]CostaR.H.R.,MedriW.,etal.High-ratepondfortreat-mentofpiggerywastes.Wat.Sci.Tech.,2000,42(10～11):357～362[8]PagandP.,BlanchetonJ-P,etal.Theuseofhighratepondsforthetreatmentofmarineeffluentfromarecirculat-ingfishrearingsystem.AquacultureResearch,2000,31(10):729～736[9]BruneD.E.,SchwartzG.,etal.Intensificationofpondaquacultureandhighratephotosyntheticssystems.Aqua-cultureEngineering,2003,28(1～2):65～86[10]GenevièceDeviller,CatherineAliaume,etal.High-ratealgalpondtreatmentforwaterreuseinanintegratedma-rinefishrecirculatingsystem:Effectonwaterqualityandseabassgrowth.Aquaculture,2004,235(1～4):331～344[11]ElHamouriB.,JellalJ.,etal.Theperformanceofahigh-ratealgalpondintheMoroccanclimate.Wat.Sci.Tech.,1995,31(12):67～74[12]OswaldW.J.,GoluekeC.G.Micro-algaeandwastewatertreatment.In:BorowitzkaM.A.,BorowitzkaL.J.Micro-algalBiotechnology.Cambridge:CambridgeUniversityPress,1988.304～308[13],,.、.,2001,(1):13～16[14]GideonOren,GedaliahShelef,etal.Algae/bacteriaratioinhigh-ratepondsusedforwastetreatment.AppliedandEnvironmentalMicrobiology,1979,38(4):570～576[15]NurdoganYakup,WilliamJ.Oswald.Enhancednutrientremovalinhigh-rateponds.Wat.Sci.Tech.,1995,31(12):33～43[16]PicotB.,MoersidikS.,etal.Usingdiurnalvariationsinahighratealgalpondformanagementpattern.Wat.Sci.Tech.,1993,28(10):169～175[17]McCarthyJ.J.,TaylorW.R.,etal.NitrogenousnutritionoftheplanktonintheChesapeakeBayI.nutrientavaila-108:bilityandphytoplanktonpreferences.Limnol.Oce