高效藻类塘系统处理农村污水脱氮除磷及其强化研究黄翔峰

＊黄翔峰　何少林　陈　广　李旭东　杨殿海　周　琪(,200092)　研究了高效藻类塘系统处理太湖地区农村污水脱氮除磷效果及其强化措施。高效藻类塘和水生生物塘HRT分别为8d和4d,出水溶解CODCr的浓度低于100mgL。高效藻类塘系统的总氮和氨氮的全年平均去除率分别为46.6%和90.4%。两级高效藻类塘内氨氮的去除途径主要包括生物同化、氨氮的挥发和硝化作用等,其中硝化作用为主导作用;水生生物塘去除总氮的主要途径为颗粒有机氮的沉淀去除和硝态氮的反硝化。出水总磷浓度全年平均值为3.33mgL,高效藻类塘系统的脱氮除磷能力欠佳。通过降低水生生物塘内水深、采用废弃石膏作为填料构建了新型复合水生生物塘,HRT=1.6d条件下,复合水生生物塘出水总氮和总磷可分别保持在5mgL左右和1mgL,可达到GB18918-2002一级B排放标准。　高效藻类塘　水生生物塘　农村生活污水　脱氮除磷　强化　　　　　　　　＊(863)(2002AA601012)0　,,、。,,,。(HighRateAlgaePond,HRAP)Oswald[1-2]。HRAP,、。HRAP,,。,、、。Oswald,、,[3]。HRAP、、、、[4-5],,。1　1.1　试验地点及装置。1.5km。1。,,HRAP、HRAP,,,。16m3,HRAP16m,5m,,0.50m,0.35ms;1m,20m3。1　1.2　试验水质1。。1　mgL(pH)CODCrpHSS117.6～15461.85～108.317.13～133.21.12～5.721.31～9.017.02～8.5010.2～1201.3　试验方法,6:00—18:00,,,。、HRAP8d,4d。　　pH、、CODCr、、、、、、、a(Chl-a)[6],1～2。9:30。7　　　20082261DOI:10.13205/j.hjgc.2008.01.0021.4　系统的启动,HRAP,0.5m,0.35ms。,HRAP。2,,3,。2　2.1　普通高效藻类塘系统试验结果与讨论2.1.1　2HRAP。119。HRAPHRT8d,HRT4d。HRAP。2　HRAPmgLHRAPHRAPHRAP%CODCr(DCODCr)289.4±20.1(186.9)243.2±21.5(87.45)244.1±15.8(73.87)110.9±10.2(70.52)61.7%TN(DTN)76.75±22.88(69.57)60.76±16.22(51.01)54.19±13.55(45.17)40.96±4.58(37.91)46.6%64.43±20.8016.83±15.745.43±8.346.19±2.1590.4%1.31±0.7430.61±12.7337.34±11.7629.04±5.15—TP(DTP)5.18±1.29(4.15)4.35±0.63(2.89)4.05±0.71(2.54)3.33±0.29(3.12)35.7%PO3-4-P3.97±0.952.79±0.492.42±0.662.93±0.2126.2%2.1.2　2,HRAPCODCr,CODCr61.7%,CODCr;HRAPCODCr,CODCr(DCODCr),60%。HRAPDCODCrCODCr(),CODCr。CODCrSS,DCODCr70mgL,SS(),(100mgL)。2.1.3　2,HRAP46.6%。HRAP,(DTN)HRAP,CODCr,HRAPDTN,。40.96mgL,。HRAP。,HRAP5mgL,HRAP90.4%。,1m,,、,,。2　HRAPTN2HRAP。,,84%。HRAP,HRAP。HRAP。B.Picot[4]HRAPNO-2-NNO-3-N,;Mclean[7]。,。,HRAPDO1.8mgL(),DO9～12mgL,pH7.0～9.5,。,。HRAP。HRAP。,,HRAP(0.35ms),,8　　　20082261。pH,。,,,,。,,,,。,70.9%。,。2.1.4　35.7%,、HRAP;(DTP)HRAP。3.33mgL,。3HRAPP。,HRAP(),76.6%。HRAP;HRAPP。HRAP:①,,HRAP,;②pHCa2+[4,8]。pH,Ca2+,Ca2+pH。。3　HRAPTPHRAP[9-10]。HRAP,,[11-12]4。,HRAP50%～53%,20%～27%,9%～14%,10%～14%。,HRAP。0.11molLBD0.11molLNaHCO3+0.11molLNa2S2O4。4　。。2.2　强化水生生物塘脱氮除磷效果的措施分析,、、70.9%88%。,。HRAP,1.0m,,,。,,;,,,、。,。5,、、1.0、0.5、0.5m,。0.1m,3～5cm,0.3m,0.143m3。0.3m。5　2.3　复合水生生物塘脱氮除磷试验结果与讨论(HRT=1.6d)6。,19.0～37.5mgL,5mgL,4.75mgL,82.6%,9　　　20082261A。NO-2-N,NO-3-N,93.2%。,,,,NO-3-N。6　7。,1.7～4.7mgL,0.67mgL,79.5%,。0.44mgL,77.9%。,;,。7　3　(1)HRAP,HRAPHRT8d4d,CODCr117～1546mgL,CODCr100mgL。(2)HRAP46.6%90.4%。HRAP、。。(3)1.7～17.1mgL,3.33mgL。,。(4)、,HRT=1.6d,5mgL1mgL,82.6%79.5%。。[1]　GimezE,CasellasC,PicotB.Ammoniaeliminationprocessesinstabilizationandhigh-ratealgaepondsystems.Wat.Sci.Tech.,1995,31(7):303-312[2]　PicotB,MoersidikS,CasellasC.Usingdiurnalvariationsinahighratealgalpondformanagementpattern.Wat.Sci.Tech.,1993,28(10):169-175[3]　OswaldWJ.Micro-algaeandwastewatertreatment.Britian:CambridgeUniversityPress,1988:304-328[4]　PicotB.Nutrientremovalbyhighratepondsysteminamediterraneanclimate(France).Wat.Sci.Tech.,1991(23):1535-1541[5]　BuhrHO,MillerSB.Adynamicmodelofthehigh-ratealgal-bacterialwastewatertreatmentpond.Wat.Res.,1983(17):29-37[6]　《》...:,2002[7]　McleanBM,BaskaranK,ConnorMA.Theuseofalgal-bacterialbiofilmstoenhancenitrificationratesinlagoons:experienceunderlaboratoryandpilot-scaleconditions.Wat.Sci.Tech.,2000,42(10-11):187-194[8]　NurdoganY,OswaldWJ.Enhancednutrientremovalinhigh-rateponds.Wat.Sci.Tech.,1995,31(12):33-43[9]　MoutinT,GalJY,HalouaniHEl,etal.Decreaseofphosphateconcentrationinahighratepondbyprecipitationofcalciumphosphate:theoreticalandexperimentalResults.Wat.Res.,1992,26(11):1445-1450[10]　GarcíaJ,Hernández-MarinéM,MujeriegoR.Analysisofkeyvariablescontrollingphosphorusremovalinhighrateoxidationpondsprovidedwithclarifiers.WaterSA,2002,28(1):55-62[11]　RöskeI,SchönbornC.Interactionbetweenchemicalandadvancedbiologicalphosphoruselimination.Wat.Res.,1994,28(5):1103-1109[12]　UhlmannD,RöskeI,HupferM,etal.Asimplemethodtodistinguishbetweenpolyphosphateandotherphosphatefractionsofactivatedsludge.Wat.Res.,1990,24(11):1355-1360　　200092　1239　　(021)65982592(O)E-mail　[e-mail]2007-08-0710　　　20082261ENHANCEMENTOFNUTRIENTREMOVALFROMDOMESTICWASTEWATERWITHHRAPINRURALAREASHuangXiangfeng　HeShaolin　ChenGuangetal(7)………………………………………………Abstract　Inthispaper,enhancementofnutrientremovalfromdomesticwastewaterwasstudiedinahigh-ratealgalpondsystem(HRAP)inruralareaofTaihu.AtHRTof8dand4dforalgalpondandhydrophytepondrespectively,dissolvedCODCrinthetreatedeffluentwasbelow100mgL.Theannualaverageremovalefficiencywas46.6%fortotalnitrogenand90.4%forammonia.Themajorremovalmechanismforammoniaremovalintwo-stageHRAPwasbiologicalassimilation,nitrificationandammoniaevaporation,amongwhichnitrificationdominated.Inhydrophytepond,totalnitrogenwasmainlyremovedthroughprecipitationofparticularorganicnitrogenanddenitrificationofinorganicnitrogen.Theannualaverageofeffluentphosphoruswas3.33mgL.AimedatunsatisfactorynutrientremovalinHRAPsystem,enhancementstrategieswereproposed,suchasloweringthewaterdepthinhydrophytepondandusingwastegypsumasplantingmediumtoconstructcomplexhydrophytepond.Afterthemodification,theHRTofhydrophytepondwasreducedto1.6dwhiletotalnitrogenandphosphorusinthetreatedeffluentwasmaintainedbelow5mgLand1m