公路路面径流水污染与控制技术探讨赵剑强

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第21卷 第3期 2004年9月    长安大学学报(建筑与环境科学版)   JournalofChang'anUniversity(Arch.&Envir.ScienceEdition)Vol.21 No.3Sept.2004:1001-7569(2004)03-0050-04赵剑强,邱艳华(, 710064) :结合国内外研究成果,对公路路面径流中主要污染物及其来源、路面径流水质特征、影响路面径流污染的因素,及常用路面径流污染控制措施进行了综合分析。认为公路路面径流水质变化很大,污染强度较高,主要污染物为SS和COD,其平均浓度超过污水排放限值,在对水质有较高要求的水域路段,应通过非工程措施和工程措施的综合实施来实现污染控制。非工程措施主要包括加强公路运输管理、路面清扫、限制除冰剂的使用等;工程措施包括植被控制、湿式滞留池、渗滤系统及人工湿地系统等,在实际工程应用中,可将几种方法组合使用。:路面径流;水污染;污染来源;径流水质;污染控制;污染物:X703  :ADiscussiononroadrunoffpollutionandcontroltechniquesZHAOJian-qiang,QIUYan-hua(SchoolofEnvironmentalScienceandEngineering,Chang'anUniversity,Xi'an710064,China)Abstract:Basedonthestudyresultsathomeandabroad,themainpollutantsinroadrunoffandtheirsources,thepollutioncharacteristicandinfluencingfactors,andthepollutioncontroltechniqueswerecomprehensivelydiscussed.Itwasconcludedthatthewaterqualityofroadrunoffvariedgreatlyandthepollutionintensitywashigh.ThemainpollutantswereSSandCOD,bothoftheiraverageconcentrationssurpassedtheregulatedvalues.Therefore,somenon-constructionandconstructionmeasuresshouldbetakentocontrolthepollutiononthesectionsofroadwithhigherwaterqualityrequirement.Non-constructionmeasuresincludestrengtheningadministration,roadsweepinganddefroster-uselimitation.Constructionmeasuresconsistofvegetationcontrol,wetdetentionbasins,infiltrationbasinsandwetlands.Thesemethodscanbecombinedtouseinpracticalengineeringapplication.Keywords:roadrunoff;waterpollution;pollutionsources;waterqualityofroadrunoff;pollutioncontrol;pollutant0  ,,。,,。1 1.1 。,,,,,[1]。Stotz[2](1987)3145850,,SS、COD、、P、N、、、PAHs()。Kobringer[3]Ellis[4],SS,、、、、。:2004-03-29:([2002]350):(1963-),,,,,.PbZn,Pb,Zn,,。(PHC)PAHs,,。NP,,N、P,N、P。1.2 2070,,,1。,、,,,,,,。219994~19995,。1 Tab.1 MonitoringwaterqualityofroadrunoffinaboardEMC/(mg·L-1)SSCODPbZn(1-5)1451370.3000.400Clark1-51061500.4660.6381-51311350.7600.968Vancouver106450.0730.056SnoqualmiePass63440.0860.101Montesano7981090.5560.380Pasco5702650.1960.352Spokane3702190.1670.929Pullman96221100.2270.199Driscoll1-940.8170.4651-7941.4570.336450.7380.371Charlotte25000/215480.01521500/88320.0135500/14240.0062611470.9600.4102 Tab.2 WaterqualityofroadrunoffonXi'antoLintonghighway  mg/LEMCSS126~813347COD58~412167Pb0.05~0.770.23Zn0.15~1.340.45,,SS、COD《》(GB8978-96)。,。,:,SS,COD,COD,[5]。2 ,,、、、。2.1 、、。,,。2.2 ,、。。。,。,。Chui[6]1982951第3期         赵剑强,等:公路路面径流水污染与控制技术探讨             、500,,。[3],,Pb、Zn、CODTOC3~5。,StozeRanchet[7],,,,。2.3 ,。,。3 。,,[8];[6]。,。3.1 ,。3.1.1 加强公路运输管理,。,;;。3.1.2 路面清扫、,,。,,,,,SS、、。3.1.3 限制除冰剂的使用,。,NaCl、CaCl2、,,,,Cl-,,,。3.2 ,。,,,4[7]。3.2.1 植被控制,。,,,。。、,。Schueler,70%SS,30%TP,25%TN,50%~90%。Little67%~93%,SSVSS65%。,,。3.2.2 滞留池,、、,。,、,。,,。,。Greb[9]Madison0.96km25670m2(0.6%),16SS87%。52              长安大学学报(建筑与环境科学版)            2004年3.2.3 渗滤系统,[8],、,,。。3.2.4 湿地系统,。,,。。Youself[10],72h,SS95%。,,。,。,,,。,,,。,()--。,,。,,,;,,,。、,。[11],,TP、CODcr、TN、80%、90%、95%,。4  ,,SSCOD,《》(GB8978-96),,。、、。,、、,。:[1].[M].:,2001.[2]StotzG.InvestigationsofthepropertiesofthesurfacewaterrunofffromfederalhighwaysintheFRG[J].TheScienceoftheTotalEnvironment,1987,59:329-337.[3]DrapperD,TomlinsonR,WilliamsP.Pollutantconcentrationsinroadrunoff:southeastqueenslandcasestudy[J].J.ofEnvir.Engrg,ASCE,1999,126(4):313-320.[4]EllisJB,RevittDM.Thecontributionofhighwaysurfacestourbanstormwatersedimentsandmetalloadings[J].TheScienceofTotalEnvironment,1987,(59):339-349.[5].[J].,2001,21(5):445-448.[6]ChuiTW,MarBW,HornerRR.Pollutantloadingmodelforhighwayrunoff[J].J.oftheEnvir.Engrg.Division,ASCE,1982,108(6):1193-1210.[7]MaestriB,LordBN.Guideformitigationofhighwayrunoffpollution[J].TheScienceoftheTotalEnvironment,1987,(59):467-476.[8].[M].:,2002.[9]GrebSR,BannermanRT.Influenceofparticlesizeonwetpondeffectiveness[J].WaterEnvironmentResearch,1997,69(6):1134-1138.[10]HerricksEE.Stormwaterrunoffandreceivingsystems—impact,monitoringandassessment[M].NewYork:LewisPublishers,1995.[11] .[J].,2002,21(4):334-336.[责任编辑 任晶钰]53第3期         赵剑强,等:公路路面径流水污染与控制技术探讨             

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