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张 彤,曹国民,赵庆祥(华东理工大学环境工程系,上海 200237) :,。,。,、。:;;;:X703 :A :1002-1264(2000)02-0017-04StudyonBiodenitrificationUsingImmobilizedMicrobesZHANGTong,CAOGuo-min,ZHAOQing-xiang(DepartmentofEnvironmentalEngineering,EastChinaUniversityofScienceandTechnology,Shanghai200237)Abstract:Nitrogenpollutionisbecomingincreasinglyserious.However,thereareseveralproblemswiththecurrentbiodenitrificationtechnologies.Denitrificationusingimmobilizedmicrobeisoneoftheimportantpromisingbiodeni-trificationprocesses.Thispaperreviewedtheprogressinstudyandapplicationofbiodenitrificationtechnologyusingimmobilizedmicrobe,includingimmobilizationmaterials,immobilizationmethodsandtechnology.Keywords:biodenitrification; immobilization; microbe; wastewatertreatment1 4:(1),,,,;(2),,;(3),,、;(4),,,,,。,。,,。。2 ,,,。,。,//。2.1 2.1.1 ,,,,,[1]。[2],NH4+-NNO2--NNO3--N,。,10d,20mg/LNH4+-N7h,NH4+-N40mg/L,NH4+-N,0.5h。。1713220004URBANENVIRONMENT&URBANECOLOGYVol13,No.2Apr. 2000,:29777007 :2000-01-19,,[3]。2.1.2Nilsson,20mg/L,,66mg-N/(h·kg),,3.6kg-N/(m3·d)[4]。Nitrobacteragilis,NO2-[5]。30hNO2-。,pH4.2NO2-,pH。N.agilisNO2-10mMNiAl,10mMMoO4-。Nitrobacteragilis,Nitrobacterwinogradskyi,NO2--N[6]。2.1.3,,,3mm。60d[7]。,,,7.5%,2h[8]。[9],,,,6-7,0.5kg-N/(m3·d),3,1.5kg-N/(m3·d)。,NH4+-N2mg/L,NO3--N6-8mg/L,。4h3h2h2h,50%。28℃,(NH4)2SO4、Na2HPO4、KH2PO4、NaHCO3、MgSO4、CaCl2FeCl3NitrosomonaseuropaeaATCC25978,4d,(NH4)2SO4K2CO3,28℃3d。1400mg/L、NH4+-N500mg/L、BOD4700mg/L、COD2800mg/L,,NO3-[10]。2.1.4:[11,12]。,。IsaoKarubeNH3,0.1mg/L。10d200,[13]。,,NitrosomonaseuropaeaATCC25978,。,,[14]。Nitrosomonaseuropaea[15]。2.2 ,NH4+,。15mg(NH4+-N)/L,480mL/min,7min,3NH4+-N[16]。,,[17]。,,NitrosomonasNitrobacter,,10-20[18]。,。,NH4+-N[19]。Nitrosomonas,Nitrosospira,NitrosococcusNitrosolobus,,。NH4+-NNO2-,NO3-NO2-N2H2O。,。2.3,。18 132 2000,PO4-,(polyelectrolytecomplex),。N.europaeaATCC25978cellsP.denitrificansIFO12422,3mM,(NH4)2SO4,。,NH3,NO3-,。,[20]。N.europaeaP.denitrificans,[21]。:(1)NH33.4;(2)NH3,;(3),4(24d),。NO2-,NO2-N.europaea。,。3 ,。,,[22]。,,,,,NO2-NO3-,。,,。,:(1)。,,1/3-1/4,1/2-1/3。(2)。,、,。(3)。,,。(4)。,,。:、、,。、,,,、,,,NO3--NNO2--NN2。,,,[23]。,、、,,,,。[1] Mishima,Koji;Watanabe,Akira;Endo,Kaneaki.ImmobilizationofenzymesormicroorganismsJpn.KokaiTokkyoKohoJP61216688[86216688](IPCC12N-011/08),26Sep1986,Appl.85/54383,20Mar1985:5[2] Ichimura,Kunihiro;Watanabe,Akira;Mishima,Koji;Endo,Kaneaki.Ammonium-nitrogenremovalfromwastewaterbyimmobi-lizednitrifyingbacteria.Jpn.KokaiTokkyoKohoJP61259798[86259798](IPCC02F-003/34),18Nov,1986,Appl.85/99678,13May1985:5[3] Ichimura,Kunihiro;Mishima,Koji;Watanabe,Akira;Endo,Ginro.Immobilizationofmicroorganismsbyphotopolymerizationwithoutusingstarters.Jpn.KokaiTokkyoKohoJP6213403[8713403](IPCC08F-008/28),22Jan1987,Appl.85/151295,11Jul1985:6[4] NilssionIEur.J.Appli.Microbiol.Biotechnol,1980;10:261[5] Tsai,YuLi;Schlasner,StevenM.;Tuovinen,OlliH.InhibitorevaluationwithimmobilizedNitrobacteragiliscells.Appl.Envi-ron.Microbiol.,1986;52(6):1231-123519 [6] Tanaka,Yoshiharu;Hoshikawa,HiroshiDeterminationofnitritenitrogeninwaterwithimmobilizedmicroorganismsJpn.KokaiTokkyoKohoJP63165733[88165733](IPCG01N-021/33),9Jul1988,Appl.86/314815,26Dec1986:5[7] Machida,Nobuyuki;Kimura,JunBiochemicalimmobilizationus-ingsphericalpolyacrylamidegel.Jpn.KokaiTokkyoKohoJP6324886[8824886](IPCC12N-011/08),2Feb1988,Appl.86/170247,18Jul1986:5[8] ..1987;2(8):13[9] ..1986;22(2):27[10] Yasuda,Akihiro;Mishima,Koji;Hosokawa,Satoshi.Immobi-lizedbacteriafornitrificationofammoniumionsinwastewatersandtheiruse.Jpn.KokaiTokkyoKohoJP6336898[8836898](IPCC02F-003/34),17Feb1988,Appl.86/179761,29Jul1986:7[11] ..1983;20(234):1[12] WijffelsRHAppl.Microbiol.Biotechnol.1990,34:399[13] Karube,Isao;Tamiya,Eiichi.Biosensorsforenvironmentalcon-trol.PureAppl.Chem.,1987;59(4):545-554[14] Tanaka,Yoshiharu;Hoshikawa,Hiroshi;Aoki,Takashi.Deter-minationofammonia-nitrogeninwaterwithmicroorganismbioelec-trodesensorJpn.KokaiTokkyoKohoJP01276061[89276061](IPCG01N-027/46),6Nov1989,Appl.88/105070,27Apr1988:6[15] Tanaka,Yoshiharu;Hoshikawa,Hiroshi;Kobayashi,Teruyoshi.Microbialorenzymebiosensorformonitoringfermentationandoth-erapplicationsJpn.KokaiTokkyoKohoJP01265150[89265150](IPCG01N-027/30),23Oct1989,Appl.88/94865,18Apr1988:6[16] Konishi,Kozo;Kobayashi,Minoru.Denitrificationmethodandapparatusforammoniumremovalfromwastewater.Jpn.KokaiTokkyoKohoJP62258795[87258795](IPCC02F-003/06),11Nov1987,Appl.86/80184,9Apr1986:4[17] Hosokawa,Satoshi.ImmobilizationofmicroorganismforwastewatertreatmentJpn.KokaiTokkyoKohoJP63202382[88202382](IPCC12N-011/00),22Aug1988,Appl.87/33793,16Feb1987:4[18] Menzel,Roman;Hoffmann,Peter;Vorlop,KlausDieter.Re-movalofammoniumfromwastewater,surfacewaters,orground-waterGer.Offen.DE3641567(IPCC02F-003/02),9Jun1988,Appl.3641567,5Dec1986:5Addn.toGer.Offen.3,520,160.[19] Nakayama,Daiki.One-stagedenitrificationofwastewaterbyoxi-dationJpn.KokaiTokkyoKohoJP62197196[87197196](IPCC02F-003/34),31Aug1987,Appl.86/38716,24Feb1986:5[20] Kokufuta,Etsuo;Yukishige,Masaya;Nakamura,Isei.Coimmo-bilizationofNitrosomonaseuropaeaandParacoccusdenitrificanscellsusingpoly