固定剂及其在重金属污染土壤修复中的应用

土壤(Soils),2016,48(1):000–000(5137825051073077)*([e-mail])(1990)E-mail:[e-mail]:10.13758/j.cnki.tr.2016.01.000固定剂及其在重金属污染土壤修复中的应用①*(210023)()X53[1–2]20144176.316.1%[3]82.8%[3]CdHgAsCuPbCrZnNi[4–8][9–10]3()[11–16][17]Tessier[18]()()[10,19–20]248[16,21–23]11.11.1.1()[24][25–26]Usman[27]50CuZnCdNiPb20g/kg(Mg4Si6O15(OH)26H2O)[28]Cd(5~50g/kg)pHCdpHCdpHHaidouti[29]50g/kgHg86.0%55.4%84.2%58.2%Nissen[30]5g/kg10g/kg90ZnCuZnCdNiPbSb[31–36]1.1.2pH[37]1pHpH图1重金属溶解性随土壤pH的变化情况[38]Fig.1SolubilityofvariousheavymetalionswithsoilpH13pH[38]M(OH)x(2-x)pH(7.0)[39]pH6.5El-Azeem[40]()(CdPb)As0103050100g/kgpH(OM)(TN)CdPbAsCdpHCaCdCd[41]KCa[42–49]Scotti[50]pH30g/kgCuCdNipH12pH8pH()[51](25%~40%)(15%~20%)Lombi[52]20g/kgLombipH1.1.3()Pb[19,53–54]PbCl-F-[Pb10(PO4)6X2](X=FClBrOH)Ca10(PO4)6X2(s)+12H+(aq)10Ca2+(aq)+6H2PO4–(aq)+2X–(aq)(1)10Pb2+(aq)+6H2PO4–(aq)+2X–(aq)Pb10(PO4)6X2(s)+12H+(aq)(2)pHPb[55–56]PbpHCao[57–58]P/Pb4.0(Ca10(PO4)6F2)50%+5%100%50%+50%Pb11%~55%pHP[57]CuZn13%15%[58]Cao[59]PbPb10(PO4)6F2BastaMcGowen[60–61]PbZnCd10g/kgPbZnCd98.9%95.8%94.6%[60]PbMcGowen[61](PSB)Park[62](SRNH4NO3Pb28.7mg/kgpH5.887g/kgAHNH4NO3Pb42.7mg/kgpH5.23448109g/kg)P200mg/kg800mg/kg()Pb80%57%PSBSRAHPb40%9%PSB60%17%[63]20g/kg2mg/kg5mg/kgCd45%PbPbAsAsAs[64]1.1.4()[65]Liu[51]10gCdCuZn(22250mg/kg)CdNiZnAsCr[66]Kumpiene[19]AsAs[67–69]As()FeOxpHpHpH[70–71]AsX(XAFS)[72–73]Fe2+Mn2+1.2(COO––NH2=NH=PO4–S––O–)Karlsson[74]XAFSCd(RCOOH)(RSH)[75][76–77]1.2.1()()()[78](0100200g/kg)CdZnCdZnTapia[79]CdCdFarrellJones[80](AsCuPbZn)Almas[81]15()CdZnCdZnHalim[82]2g/kg(/)CuPbZnNi[83]Evangelou[84]01020g/kgCdCd1.2.2(BiocharBC)[85–86][87–89]–COOH–COH–OHpH[90]()pH[91–92][93–96]Beesley[97]400CdZn30045Lu[98]01050g/kgCdCuPbZnpHCdCuPbZnFellet[99]01050100g/kgpHCdPbTlZnCao[100]02550g/kg210PbJiang[101]03050g/kgpHCuPb/[102–105]()Beesley[97](AsCuCdZn)CuAsCdZnPark[106]50g/kgCuAs(V)As(III)As648[96,107]1.3(--)Cao[57–58]()pHWangChen[108]CdCuPbZnCa(H2PO4)2CaCO362.5215g/kgpHZhou[109](++)248g/kgPbCdCuZnpH(CEC)–pH[110–111]VanHerwijnen[112]70140200g/kgShi[113]Pb051020g/kg60gPbKumpiene[114]50g/kgCuPbCastaldi[115]Ca(OH)2PbCdZnPogrzeba[116]051030g/kgPbCdZn3pH2(1)[18]pH17表1各类型固定剂及其修复机理表Table1Variousstabilizersandtheirmechanismsinsoilremediation[27][28][29–36][39–41][51–52][47–50][57–63]Fe2O3Al2O3MnO2[51,67–69]PbZnCdHgCdPbHgCrNiZnPbCdCuZnAsCrCdZnpH[78–80][82,84][97–101]ZnMnCuFeAsCrPbCuZnCdNi––+[57–58,108–109]++[112–116]CdCuPbZnAsNiCdCuPbZnAsNipHpH[1]ShaoXX,HuangB,ZhaoYC,SunWX,GuZQ,QianWF.ImpactsofhumanactivitiesandsamplingstrategiesonsoilheavymetaldistributioninarapidlydevelopingregionofChina[J].EcotoxicologyandEnvironmentalSafety,2014,104:1–8[2]ChenRS,YeC.ResolvingsoilpollutioninChina[J].Nature,2014,505:483[3].[Z].2014-4-17.[4]WeiB,YangL.Areviewofheavymetalcontaminationsinurbansoils,urbanroaddustsandagriculturalsoilsfromChina[J].MicrochemicalJournal,2010,94(2):99–107[5]ChengS.HeavymetalpollutioninChina:Origin,patternandcontrol[J].EnvironmentalScienceandPollutionResearch,2003,10:192–198[6]CaiQY,MoCH,LiHQ,LuHX,ZengQY,LiYW,WuXL.HeavymetalcontaminationsinurbansoilsanddustsinGuangzhou,SouthChina[J].EnvironmentalMonitoringandAssessment,2013,185(2):1095–1106[7]GillerKE,WitterE,McGrathSP.Toxicityofheavymetalstomicroorganismsandmicrobialprocessesinagriculturalsoils:Areview[J].SoilBiology&Biochemistry,1998,30(10–11):1389–1414[8],.[J].,2006,38(5):505–508[9]KiikkilaO,PerkiomakiJ,BarnetteM,DeromeJ,PennanenT,TulisaloE,FritzeH.InsitubioremediationthroughmulchingofsoilpollutedbyaCopper–NickelSmelter[J].JournalofEnvironmentalQuality,2001,30:1134–1143[10],.[J].,2002,13(6):757–762[11].[J].,2011,5(7):1441–1454[12]BrownS,ChaneyR,HallfrischJ,RyanJA,BertiWR.Insitusoiltreatmentstoreducethephyto-andbioavailability[J].JournalofEnvironmentalQuality,2004,33(2):522–531[13]BolanN,KunhikrishnanA,ThangarajanR,KumpieneJ,ParkJ,MakinoT,KirkhamMB,ScheckelK.Remediationofheavymetal(loid)scontaminatedsoils--tomobilizeortoimmobilize[J].JournalofHazardousMaterials,2014,266:141–166[14]ZhouYF,HaynesRJ,NaiduR.UseofinorganicandorganicwastesforinsituimmobilisationofPbandZninacontaminatedalkalinesoil[J].EnvironmentalScienceandPollutionResearch,2012,19(4):1260–1270[15].[J].,2009,20(5):1214–1222[16]GuoG,ZhouQ,MaLQ.Availabilityandassessmentoffixingadditivesfortheinsituremediationofheavymetalcontaminatedsoils:Areview[J].EnvironmentalMonitoringAssessment,2006,116(1–3):513–528[17],.[J].,2007,38(3):576–584848[18]TessierA.Sequentialextractionprocedureforthespeciationofparticulatetracemetals[J].AnalyticalChenistry,1979,51(7):844–851[19]KumpieneJ,LagerkvistA,MauriceC.StabilizationofAs,Cr,Cu,PbandZninsoilusingamendments--areview[J].WasteManagement,2008,28(1):215–225[20]FawzyEM.Soilremediationusinginsituimmobilisationtechniques[J].ChemistryandEcology,2008,24(2):147–156[21]GrayCW,DunhamSJ,DennisPG,ZhaoFJ,McGrathSP.Fieldevaluationofinsituremediationofaheavymetalcontaminatedsoilusinglimeandred-mud[J].EnvironmentalPollution,2006,142(3):530–538[22]LeeSH,LeeJS,ChoiYJ,KimJG.Insi