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阅读理解词义猜测类解题技巧StrategiesandTechniquesforGuessingtheMeaningsofWordsorPhrasesWhileReading命题方式的特点词义猜测是英语阅读的重要技巧，词义猜测题也是高考中常考的题型。考生要学会“顺藤摸瓜”，通过逻辑关系，解释说明部分，构词法，上下文语境，生活常识和文化背景知识等线索(各种已知信息)确定词义。要求猜测词义的词一般为实词(动词、名词、形容词等)。另外，这类题也包括对短语和句意的猜测。考查方向１、熟词新意，即熟悉词汇的陌生含义；２、复合词的含义理解，对于衍生词汇的理解能力；３、根据上下文对不认识单词的词义判断能力；４、对谚语、俗语、俚语含义的理解能力；５、通过近义词、反义词和常识理解词汇的能力。1.Theunderlinedword“…”refersto(means/standsfor).2.Whichofthefollowingwordscantaketheplaceof/bereplacedbytheword“…”?3.Whatisthemeaningof“…”asthewordsareusedinthetext?4.Whichofthefollowinghastheclosestmeaningtotheword“…”?常见词义猜测题型年份全国卷I全国卷II全国卷III浙江卷2017年//单词displaced(2017年6月）句子Thecat’slotwasabouttoimprove.(2017年11月)短语workitoutofhersystem2018年单词dominant单词juicer句子Moreismore(2018年11月)短语getboggeddown2019年单词stumble短语tugattheheartstrings短语takingon(2019年6月)句子Moneywithnostringsattached.第一，要确认所要求猜测单词、短语或句子在文中的位置；第二，审读题干，确认猜测点。第三，根据上下文信息，结合不同的方法进行选题第四，比较选择项，确定答案。1同义或近义关系2反义关系3因果关系LogicalRelation1同义或近义关系1.“Ofcourse,onlyaretoday‘stopWesterndesignersbeinginfluencedbyChina-someofthebestdesignersofcontemporaryfashionarethemselvesChinese.”VeraWang,AlexanderWang,JasonWuaretakingonGaliano,Albaz,MarcJacobs-andbeatingthemhandsdownindesignandsales,“addsHil.(2019年全国卷IIIB篇)26.Whatdotheunderlinedwordstakingoninparagraph4mean?A.learningfromB.lookingdownonC.workingwithD.competingagainstand利用上下文中出现的同义或近义的单词或短语推知生词的意思。常见信号词：and,or,also,as…as，justas,similarly等2反义关系2.Inthefirstgroup,boththefamilyandfriendshipswereinfluencedinoverallhealthandhappiness,butinthesecondgroup,friendships“becameastrongerpredictorofhealthandhappinessatadvancedages.”Furthermore,inthesecondgroup,researcherssaidstrainedfriendshipsledtoincreasedchronicillness,butwithsupportivefriends,respondentsreportedbeinghappier.(Z20联盟2020届第二次联考)25,what'stheprobablemeaningoftheunderlinedwordstrainedinparagraph4?A.StressfulBHealthy.CMeaninglessDLasting.but表示对比关系的词汇和短语主要有：unlike,not,but,however,despite,inspiteof,incontrast等。表示对比关系的句子结构：while引导的并列句。22反义关系3.OlympicNationalPark,withitstemperaterainforestsandbreath-takingviews,exertsanaturalpullonmanyPacificNorthwesterners.ButSeattlewriterRosetteRoyalefounditrepellent.ToRoyale,theparkseemedlikeadamp,dirtyandunpleasantplace.“Tcouldn’tfigureoutwhyanyonewouldwanttocarrya50-poundpackintothewildernessandcamptherefordays,”hesaid.“Itdidn‘tmakesense.”(台州市2019学年第一学期高三年级模拟考试题）21.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordrepellent“inparagraph1mean?A.AppealingB.PuzzlingC.RewardingD.DisgustingBut4.GraywolvesoncewereseenhereandthereintheYellowstoneareaandmuchofthecontinentalUnitedStates,buttheyweregraduallydisplacedbyhumandevelopment.Bythe1920s,wolveshadpracticallydisappearedfromtheYellowstonearea.TheywentfarthernorthintothedeepforestsofCanada,wheretherewerefewerhumansaround.（2017年全国卷IIIC篇）29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword＂displaced＂inparagraph2mean?A.Tested.B.SeparatedC.ForcedoutD.Trackeddownbut2反义关系3因果关系5.Morethan30millionpeopleweredisplacedlastyearbyenvironmentalandweather-relateddisastersacrossAsia,andtheproblemislikelytogrowmoreseriousasclimatechangeexacerbatessuchproblems,expertshavewarned.(金华十校2019年11月高三模拟考试)25.Whichofthefollowingisclosestinthemeaningtotheunderlinedword“exacerbates”?A.SolvesB.PreventsC.Worsens.D.Reducesas表示因果关系常见词汇及短语：since,as,because,for,dueto,owingto,forthereasonthat,resultfrom,so,therefore,thus,consequently,resultin等。1利用代词线索2举例3标点符号6.Moneywithnostringsattached.It'snotsomethingyouseeeveryday.ButatUnionStationinLosAngeleslastmonth,aboardwentupwithdollarbillsattachedtoitwithpinsandasignthatread.“GiveWhatYouCan,TakeWhatYouNeed.”（2019年06月浙江高考真题）1利用代词线索找对应的解释部分24.Whatdoestheexpression“moneywithnostringsattached”inparagraphImean?A.Moneyspentwithouthesitation.B.Moneynotlegallymade.C.Moneyofferedwithoutconditions.D.Moneynottiedtogether.举例8.…allhavecausedmanylanguagestodisappear,anddominantlanguagessuchasEnglish,SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover.(2018年全国卷ⅠC篇)29.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“dominant”underlinedinparagraph2?A.complex.B.advanced.C.powerful.D.modern表示举例的词汇有suchas，forexample，forinstance，like等，可以通过所举事例推知前面内容。汉语、英语是____语言suchas29.Buthe’snervous.“I’mheretotellyoutodaywhyyoushould…should…”Christripsonthe“-ld,”apronunciationdifficultyformanynon-nativeEnglishspeakers.Histeacher,ThomasWhaley,isnexttohim,whisperingsupport.“…Votefor…me…”Exceptforsomestumbles,Chrisisdoingamazinglywell.Whenhebringshisspeechtoaniceconclusion,Whaleyinvitestherestoftheclasstopraisehim.(2019年全国Ⅰ卷·25)标点符号325.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“stumbles”inparagraph2referto?A.Improperpauses.B.Badmanners.C.Spellingmistakes.D.Sillyjokes.……………_三、构词法(formation)——派生法11.“5Gisoneofthoseforerunners,alongwithartificialintelligence,ofthiscomingdataage.”SaidSteveKoenig,seniordirectorofmarketresearchforConsumerTechnologyAssociation.“Self-drivingvehiclesareemblemanceinthisdataage——theyshowapplicationofdatacompletely.Withonesingletask,driving,youhavelargeamountsofdatacomingfromthevehicleitself,andavarietyofsensors(传感器)arecollectingalotofinformationtomodelitsenvironmentasitmoves.It'spullingindatafromothervehiclesaboutconditionsdowntheroad.There'slotsofdat