硅溶胶制备与应用

(471001),1915SiO22.4%[1],1941Bird[2]1996,,Clariant20011Martin1,1.4t/a[3],FusoChemical0.7t/a2.5t/a[46]2090,,,NissanChemicalAmerica19978Pasadena500t/a,SiO215%40%[7,8],,[9]SiO2[10],,,[11,12]2050,,20021148,,[13]11.1[14,15],,,1.2,JosephHBalthis1950,,pH(2025)612,18,80320,48%,,,20100,815nm[16]1,,,21005d1,,,[17]43ChemicalPropellants&PolymericMaterials2003151/%n(NH3)n(Si)/g(100ml)-1/nmMw/10628232.9532.6221411.53.2628.71575.773.4921.86.6554.123.6614.41.932.473.638.00.3221.71.413.3010.822.701%,65100,SiO230%,1520nm1,2,,,,,,[18]1,,SiO232%36%,2030nm,5mPas[19]1.3[2022]3:,,,SiO22%6%,pH24,,(410),,,3%,,,,pH2SiO32-,Na2H2SiO4NaH3SiO4,H2SiO42-H3SiO4-,H+:H2SiO42-H+H3SiO4-H+H4SiO4H+H5SiO4+(1)(2)(3)(4),(3)(2),(2),Si-O-Si,,(pH2),6,,,pHn(SiO2)/n(Na2O)2242A21A22B21B22A21(NaOH)B21pH7v910.57v910.511.5v910.511.5v910.5vvA21,B21,A21BA21A21B21(B21)(B22),,n(SiO2)/n(Na2O)80100,253(A21),(A22),pH,,(B21),(B22),,,,1.4,,,[23,24]WhitepH,,,,,[25],,pH8.99.0,SiO224%32%,[26]1.5[2729],,,,22.1[30,31],14,,,,,,,2.2,,(130170),[32,33]Albrecht,,,[34,35]Brekau[36]2nm,pH24,SiO250%,,pH,,:BayerSiO230%LevasilSiO22.3%,SiO227%n(SiO2)/n(Na2O)3.35,pH,2.3SiO2[10,37](D1)(D2)(D1/D2)5,D140500nm:SiO21%6%,pH24,,SiO215008500mg/kg;,n(SiO2)/n(M2O)20200(M),602500.540h,,3[25,38]3.1SiO2Na2O,,63ChemicalPropellants&PolymericMaterials200315;;,SiO2,Na2OSiO23.2,SiO25%10%SiO210%,1.14,3.347nm,,4[39,40]SiO2,,,,:SiO2,,,,,,,,pH4.1pH2,,,OH-pH45,,,OH-;,,,(),Na+,H+,H+,pH,4.2,,,(),4.3,,OH-,,,1,Bungerberg,,,,,,,,LiOHn(SiO2)/n(Li2O),,4.4,,,,,,,,,,,,,5[41],:,,,73,,SohioC41,,,30%40%,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,6,,,1Schwerin.ManufactureofChemicallyPureSolubleSilicicAcid.US1132394.19152Bird.ColloidalSolutiongsofInorganicOxides.US2244325.19143ChemicalWeek,20012012104ChemicalWeek,20012072255ChemicalWeek,20012012176ChemicalWeek,19982032257(1):6114Iler.MethodofproducingcolloidalsilicabyelectrodialysisofasilicateUS3668088.197215,..CN1138109.199621220816Balthis,Mendenhalf.Preparationofsolsfromfinelydividedsilicon.US2614994.195217Balthis,Mendenhalf.Preparationofsolsfromfinelydividedsilicon.US2614995.195218..CN86100503A.198720821219..CN86104144A.199820722020Akitoshi.Silicanucleation,polymerizationandgrowthpreparationofmonodispersedsols.AdvChemSer.1994,234(TheColloidChemistryofSilica):515621Bechtold,Snyder.Chemicalprocessesandcomposition.US2574902.195122,..:,1997.10511923Alecander,Iler,Wolter.Processforproducingbuilt2upsilicaparticles.US2601235.194224Weldes,Boyle,Johns.Continuousprocessformakingsilicasols.US3440175.195225White,Methodofproducingsols.US2285477.196926,,..,2000,29(3):141142,14527Sihpson.Preparationofsilicasols.US2900348.195928White.Preparationofsols.US2375738.194529Trail.Methodofmanufacturingcolloidalinorganicoxideaquasols.US2573743.195183ChemicalPropellants&PolymericMaterials20031530Brekau,Rosenow,Bernd,etal.Processforproducinglow2saltsilicasoldispersionsinlow2boilingalcohols.US5885485.199931Tasaki,Keiko,Hamada,etal.MethodofpreparingapropanolsolofsilicaUS5902226.199932Rule,Hundred,Del.Aqueoussilicadispersionsandtheirpro2duction.US3012972.196233Payne,Processforpreparingsilicasols.US4356107.198234AlbrechtMethodofpreparingsilicasolscontaninglargepar2ticlesizesilica.US3673104.197235Albrecht.Silicasolscontaininglargeparticlesizesilica.US3947376.197636Brekau.Continuouspreparationofsilicasolswhichcontainlargeparticles.US5964693.199937Watanabe,Yoshitane,Kashimaetal.Methodforpreparingelongated2shapedsilicasol.US5597512.199738RalphKIter.TheColloidChemistryofSilicaandSilicates.JohnsWiley&Sons,199539,,.(4).:,200040ThomasWHealy.Stabilityofaqueoussilicasols.AdvChemSer,1994.234(TheColloidChemitryofSilica):14715941CharlesCPayne.Applicationofcolloidalsilica:past,pre2sent,andfuture.AdvChemSer,1994,234(TheColloidChemistryofSilicaandSilicates):581594:2003205226ManufactureandApplicationsofSilicaSolsWangZixin,ZhaoBing(LimingResearchInstituteofChemicalIndustry,Luoyang471001)Abstract:Thesilicasolsareakindofcolloidsolution,dispersinginwaterororganicsolventsfromcorpusclesofthepolymersilica,andhavewidelyusedintheindustriesoftheceramics,textile,papermaking,paint,watertreatmentandsemiconductoretc.Allthemanufacturemethodsofthesilicasolsincludingspecialapplicationswereintroduced.Thefactorsinfluencingthestabilityofthesilicasolsandthedetectionmethodsofthepropertywereexpounded.Keywords:inorganicchemistry,silicasols,manufactureandapplications,review,silica,stability20035,39072039079939079120024120021231,LyondellPOLyondell(PO),POPO(PG)PO(BDO)(PGE),3TDI(SM)(MTBE)70.5%,,NihonOxirane(NOC),,PO,PO,20034,2006NOCNOC1LyondellPO/SMPO240t/a,NOC1,NOCPOPG,LyondellPOH2O212,H2O2,H2O299%,(PO),,,H2O2PO299%,,90%99%,H2O2O2,,()93