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*(40173037):(1979~),,,:2003-12-17;:2004-05-21*侯亚敏1,2冯新斌1王少锋1,2仇广乐1,2(1,550002)(2,100039)4,:4(15~20ngm-3),,;;;;;S1526A[1],,Hg0,90%[2],1a,Hg0,,[3][4~6],,,[7~9],84ngm-3,15~20ngm-3[10~13],,,111(10627~10703,2611~2655),57km,79km,2406km2,;,,153!,5585!,1200mm,4,1,3(1,1)12(DynamicFluxChamber,DFC)[14,15],(197∀162ngm-2h-1),01m,06m,012m2,,,Tekran2537A421Vol42,No120051ACTAPEDOLOGICASINICAJan.,20051Table1LocationsandtimesofsamplingLocationofsamplingTimeofsamplingLanduseUrban(46)InstituteofGeochemistry,ChineseAcademyofSciences,46Guanshuiroad,Guiyangcity60212:30~60517:4060610:40~6129:0061616:05~61717:25LawnRuralYanlou52111:00~52311:30FarmlandQingyanbao52313:30~52513:00FarmlandGanzhuang52516:00~52715:30Farmland1Fig1SamplingsitesTekran2537AAB,5min,,AB,10min,20min,,09m3h-1[16],(GlobalWater#),200mm,0300g,35ml15ml100ml,BrCl24h,(CVAAS)[17]13(ngm-2h-1):F=(Co-Ci)A∃Q,F(ngm-2h-1);Co(ngm-3);Ci(ngm-3);Q(m3h-1);A(m2)22140146gg-10215gg-10254gg-10627gg-1,(~0080gg-1)41:5362∀21ngm-3(n=143)84∀27ngm-3(n=139)86∀26ngm-3(n=142)101∀52ngm-3(n=234),(15~20ngm-3)[13],4,:222(274ngm-2h-1)[8],,4,,,,,()4:,,,,(2)21)Table2DescriptivestatisticsofmercuryfluxoversoilsurfaceLocation(ngm-2h-1)Mercuryexchangefluxonair/soil(ngm-2h-1)Mercuryemissionsinsoil(ngm-2h-1)MercurysedimentationinairNoMixMinMeanSDNoMixMinMeanNoMixMinMeanUrban(46)InstituteofGeochemistry,ChineseAcademyofSciences,46Guanshuiroad,Guiyangcity7372364-23722833156972364053444059404147RuralYanlou1392506-2575896371222506015221725709112Qingyanbao1421993-436154391911993002955143601100Ganzhuang143553-41179190515530021592411011151)00:00~24:00Themeanofeverydayisfrom00:00to24:00inthisplace232314,:062(n=139,001);047(n=142,001);052(n=143,001);041(n=737,001)(3)SchlterCarpi[21],Hg0[20],Hg0(Hg2+)Hg0[25,26]KimLindberg[4],,,,,Hg2+,Hg0,,;,,,,54422Fig2ChangeinmercuryfluxmeasuredoverthesoilsurfacewiththetimeAYanlouBQingyanbaoCGanzhuangD,46InstituteofGeochemistry,ChineseAcademyofSciences,46Guanshuiroad,Guiyangcity3Fig3Relationshipbetweenmercuryfluxandsolarradiation1:552324(4),Hg0,,,[26]AYanlou;BQingyanbao;CGanzhuang;D,46InstituteofGeochemistry,ChineseAcademyofSciences,46Guanshuiroad,Guiyangcity4Fig4Relationshipbetweenmercuryfluxandsoiltemperature31)4:,,;,2)Wallschlager[18],;Gustin[19,20](),,,,[1]CartyAJ,MaloneSF.Thechemistryofmercuryinbiologicalsystems,In:NriaguJO.ed.TheBiogeochemistryofMercuryintheEnvironment,Elsevier/NorthHollandBiomedicalPress,Amsterdam,1979.433~480[2]LindqvistO.Specialissueoffirstinternationalonmercuryasaglobalpollutant.Water,AirandSoilPollution,1991,56:1~8[3]RasmussenPE.Currentmethodsofestimatingatmosphericmercuryfluxesinremoteareas.Environ.Sci.Technol.,1994,28:2233~2241[4]Kim,Lindberg.MicrometeorologicalmeasurementsofmercuryvaporfluxesoverbackgroundforestsoilsineasternTennessee.AtmosphericEnvironment,1995,29(2):267~282[5]SchroederWH,MuntheJ.Atmosphericmercury%Anoverview.AtmosphericEnvironment,1998,32:809~822[6]GustinM,LindbergSE,AustinK,etal.Assessingthecontributionofnaturalsourcestoregionalatmosphericmercurybudgets.TheSci5642enceoftheTotalEnvironment,2010,259:61~71[7],,..,1996,17(2):20~25.FengXB,ChenYC,ZhuWG,ThefluxesofvolatilemercuryoversoilsurfaceinGuizhouProvince(InChinese).Environ.Sci.,1996,17(2):20~25[8],,..,2004,25(1):123~127.WangSF,FengXB,QiuGL,etal.ComparisonofAir/SoilMercuryExchangeBetweenWarmandColdSeasoninHongfengReservoirRegion(InChinese).EnvironmentalScience,2004,25(1):123~127[9],,..,2004,23(1):9~13.WangSF,FengXB,QiuGL,etal.StudyofmercuryexchangeratebetweenairandsoilsurfaceinHongfengreservoirregion,Guizhou,PRChina(InChinese).BulletinofMineralogy,PetrologyandGeochemistry,2004,23(1):9~13[10]FengX,ShangL,WangS,etal.TemporalvariationofTotalgaseousmercuryintheairofGuiyang,PRChina.JournalofGeophysicalResearchAtmospheres,2004(inpress)[11]FengX,TangS,ShangL,etal.TotalgaseousmercuryintheairofGuiyang,PRChina.TheScienceoftheTotalEnvironment,2003,304:61~72[12]FengX,SommarJ,LindqvistO,etal.Occurrence,emissionsanddepositionofmercuryduringcoalcombustionintheprovinceGuizhou,China.Water,AirandSoilPollution,2002,139:311~324[13]MasonR,FitzgeraldWF,MorelMM.Thebiogeochemicalcyclingofelementalmercury:Anthropogenicinfluences.Geochim.Cosmochim.Acta,1994,58:3191~3198[14]XiaoZF,MuntheJ,SchroederWH,etal.VerticalfluxesofvolatilemercuryoversoilandlakesurfaceinSweden.Tellus,1991,43B:267~279[15],SommarJ,GardfildtK.,etal..D,2002,45(3):211~220.FengXB,SommarJ,GardfeldtK,etal.Exchangefluxoftotalgaseousmercurybetweenairandnaturalwatersurfacesinsummerseason(InChinese).ScienceinChina,Ser.D,2002,45(3):211~220[16]ZhangH,LindbergSE,BarnettMO,etal.Dynamicfluxchambermeasurementofgaseousmercuryemissionfluxesoversoils.Part1:Simulationofgaseousmercuryemissionsfromsoilsusingatworesistanceexchangeinterfacemodel.AtmosphericEnvironment,2002,36:835~846[17]AkagiH,MalmO,BranchesJ,etal.HumanexposuretomercuryduetogoldmininginTapajosRiverBasin,Amazon,Brail:Speciationofmercuryinhumanhair,bloodandurine.Water,AirSoilpollut.,1995,80:85~94[18]WallschlagerD,KockHH.Mechanismandsignificanceofmercuryvolatilizationfromcontaminatedfloodpai