锅炉除尘脱硫设计总说明secret

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15T/H燃油锅炉脱硫除尘工艺设计XX工业大学毕业设计-1-设计总说明近20年来,随着国民经济的迅速发展,我国的2SO排放量连年增长,2SO的排放已导致许多地区出现了严重的酸雨现象,由此引起我国酸雨区不断扩大,造成全国每年经济损失1000亿元以上,接近当年国民生产总值的2%。据统计,我国目前约有30万台中小型燃煤工业锅炉,耗煤量占全国原煤产量的1/3。而这些锅炉中,大部分没有安装脱硫设备,致使许多地区酸雨频频发生,严重危害了工农业生产和人体健康。因此,烟气脱硫是当前环境保护的一项重要工作。目前,国内外成熟的2SO脱除工艺有十几种,但都需要较高的基建投资和运行费用。在我国目前的经济状况下,这对于绝大多数企业来说都是难以承受的。由于工程基建费用是很难缩减的,而运行费用可以通过改良工艺和优化运行参数等得到降低。为了控制和治理锅炉烟气污染我选择了燃油锅炉脱硫除尘的题目。设计标准主要参考《广东省大气污染物排放限值》(DB44/27)。在湛江造纸厂新建锅炉(15T/H)采用旋流板塔的设计方案。旋流板塔技术将碱性废液输入锅炉湿式除尘系统中,对其燃煤烟气进行脱硫除尘,流出的废水经处理后可循环使用,该装置及整套处理工艺运行设计达到国家GB13271--91锅炉大气污染物排放标准。脱硫尘器设计原则(1)脱硫率87%。除尘效率90%;(2)技术较为成熟,运行费用低;(3)投资省;(4)能利用现有设施;(5)建造工期短,方便;(6)系统简便,易于操作管理;(7)主体设备的使用寿命8a;(8)烟气脱硫以廉价的石灰为主要吸收剂,并充分利用锅炉排渣水的脱硫容量,达到以废治废,降低运行成本的目的。能用于烟气脱硫和除尘的设备很多,但要满足运转稳定可靠、不影响生产同时去除且压力降较小等要求,以旋流板为宜。旋流板塔作为一种喷射型塔,脱硫除尘板采用内向型塔板,除雾板采用外向型塔板。气流从底部以涡壳方式进入或切向进入,通过塔板螺旋上升,液体流到盲板上后向叶片均匀分布,在叶片上形成薄液层,被旋转的气流喷洒成液滴,受离心力的作用抛到塔壁形成旋转的液层,通过降液孔向下面塔壁分散。气液主要以气体射流、液滴和液膜3种方式进行传质,由于液体是滴状高速穿过气流,改进了流体动力学因素,提高了设备的传质效率。旋流板塔的空塔气速一般在2.5—3.5m/s之间,与湍流塔相近,但制作费用比湍流塔低,而且压降低,每块塔板的压降在30—60Pa之间(除第一块塔板外)。旋流板塔的开孔率在28%—32%之间,因此,塔板的负荷高,不会因为碱液中带有固体颗粒而造成堵塞。综合以上旋流板塔的特点和碱性废液的性质,我选择旋流板塔作为脱硫除尘装置,进行脱硫除尘一体化。旋流板塔为气液相接触式的烟气脱硫除尘装置,是一种高效传质设备,具有负荷高、压降低、不易堵、具有接触面大、处理负荷高、阻力小、不易结垢、结构简单等特点,适合于气量小、高空速的烟气脱硫除尘,弹性宽等优点,其综合性能优于国内外普遍使用的湿法吸收器。15T/H燃油锅炉脱硫除尘工艺设计XX工业大学毕业设计-2-以石灰,石灰石浆液为脱硫剂的烟气脱硫技术,由于具有脱硫剂价廉易得、脱硫率高等优点而得到广泛应用.研究表明,向石灰石灰石浆液中添加有机废液或某些镁盐,可进一步提高脱硫率。钠碱吸收法脱硫的主要原理是利用氢氧化钠溶液作为起始吸收液,与烟气中要2SO和2CO反应生成23NaSO,再与2SO继续反应生成23NaSO和3NaHSO。含有3NaHSO的废水用NaOH中和,生成23NaSO,再去重复吸收烟气中2SO。钠碱废水的pH值对烟气脱硫效果有一定影响。采用碱性废水进行脱硫时,其废水量与进气气量的比值(液气比),对烟气脱硫效率影响较为显著。最佳液气比在2L/m左右,液气比越小,则脱硫率越低,反之则高,但能耗亦随之增大。以碱性水作脱硫吸收剂,既节约自来水,又充分利用了碱性废水和锅炉烟气,其工艺简单、操作方便,建设投资少,运行费用低,烟气脱硫除尘效果好,设备运行可靠性强其环境与社会效益十分显著。ThedesignallexplainedIntherecent20years,Alongwithnationaleconomynationaleconomyrapiddevelopment,Ourcountry's2SOwithdrawalsuccessiveyearsgrow,2SOdischargeshascausedmanyareastoappeartheseriousacidrainphenomenon,Fromthiscausesourcountryacidrainareatoexpandunceasingly,Createsthenationeveryyearabovetheeconomicloss100billionYuan,Approachedthesameyeargrossnationalproduct2%.Statisticshaveindicated,Ourcountryapproximatelyhas300,000Taichungsmalltoburncoalatpresenttheindustryboiler,Thecoalconsumptionaccountsforthenationalrawcoaloutput1/3.Butintheseboilers,Majorityofhasnotinstalledthesweetener,Causesmanylocalacidrainstooccurrepeatedly,Seriousharmindustryandagricultureproductionandhumanbodyhealth.Therefore,Thehazedesulphurizationisacurrentenvironmentalprotectionimportantwork.Atpresent,Domesticandforeignmature2SOremovesthecrafttohaveseveralkinds,Butallneedsthehighinitialcostandtheoperatingcost.Inunderourcountryatpresenteconomicalcondition,Thisregardingtheoverwhelmingmajorityenterprisesaidalliswithstandswithdifficulty.Becausetheprojectcapitalconstructionexpenseisverydifficulttoreduce,Buttheoperatingcostmayandsoonobtainsthroughtheimprovementcraftandtheoptimizedmovementparameterreduces.Inordertocontrolwiththegovernmentboilerhazepollutesmetochoosethefueloilboilerdesulphurizationdustremovaltopic.ThedesignstandardmainlyreferstoGuangdongProvinceAirpollutantTodischarge15T/H燃油锅炉脱硫除尘工艺设计XX工业大学毕业设计-3-Limitingvalue(DB44/27).Inzhangjiangpapermillnewlybuiltboiler(15T/H)usestheeddyplatecolumnthedesignproposal.Theeddyplatecolumntechnologythealkalinitywasteliquidinputboilerwettypedustremovalsystemin,burnscoalthehazetoittocarryonthedesulphurizationdustremoval,flowsoutthewastewatermaycirculatetheuseafterprocessing,thisequipmentandtheentirewrapprocessingcraftmovementdesignachievedthenationalGB13271—91boilerairpollutantdischargesthestandard.Desulphurizationdustprincipleofdesign(1)desulphurizationrate87%.Dustremovalefficiency90%;(2)thetechnologyismature,Theoperatingcostislow;(3)investstheprovince;(4)canusetheexistingfacility;(5)constructsthetimelimitforaprojecttobeshort,Convenient;(6)thesystemissimple,Easytooperatethemanagement;(7)mainbodyequipmentservicelife8a;(8)thehazedesulphurizationtaketheinexpensivelimeasthemainabsorbent,Andfullusepotfiregratepulpwaterdesulphurizationcapacity,Reducesthemovementcostthegoal.Canuseinthehazedesulphurizationandthedustremovalequipmentverymany,butmustsatisfytherevolutionstablereliable,doesnotaffectatthesametimetheproductiontoremovealsothepressuredropsmallandsoontherequest,asissuitabletaketheeddyboard.Theeddyplatecolumntakesonekindofsprayingtower,Thedesulphurizationdustremovalboardusestheintroversioncolumntray,Thedefoggingboardusestheexport-orientedtypecolumntray.Theaircurrententersfromthebaseby涡theshellwayorcutstowardenters,Throughcolumntrayspiralrise,Liquidflowafterblindboardontoleafbladeuniformdistribution,Formsthethinfluidlevelontheleafblade,Theaircurrentwhichrevolvesissprayedthebubble,Isthrownthefluidlevelthecentrifugalforcefunctionwhichformstothetowerwallrevolves,Throughfallsthefluidholetobedispersibletotheundertowerwall.Wasmadthefluidmainlybythegasjet,thebubbleandthefluidfilm3wayscarriesonthemasstransfer,Becausetheliquidisthedropshapehighspeedpassedthroughtheaircurrent,Improvedthehydrodynamicsfactor,Enhancedtheequipmentmasstransferefficiency.Eddyplatecolumnvoidtowerairspeed

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