国外不同类型湖泊治理思路分析与启示

Vol．3No．2Mar．2013JournalofEnvironmentalEngineeringTechnology32201331674－991X201302－0156－072012－07－062009ZX07106－0051987—[e-mail]*1975—[e-mail]*100012、、17、、。、。、、。X524Adoi10.3969j．issn．1674-991X．2013.02.025AnalysisofLakeManagementStrategiesofDifferentTypesofLakesAbroadandEnlightenmentsforChinaSONGFei-feiHUXiao-zhenJINXiang-canYUHuiLakeEngineeringResearchCentreChineseResearchAcademyofEnvironmentalSciencesBeijing100012ChinaAbstractCasesof17lakesfromJapanNorthAmericaandEuropewerestudiedinordertoprovideguidelinesandexperienceforthepollutioncontrolandtreatmentofeutrophicationindomesticlakes．Accordingtothedifferencesinareaaveragedepthandfunctionofthewaterbodythelakescouldbedividedintothreetypeslargeormedium-sizedshallowlakesdeeplakesandlandscapesmalllakes．Variousanalyticalmethodsincludingdataanalysiscomparativestudyanddataintegrationwereemployedtoanalyzethecontrolstrategiesandtechniquesofthethreetypesoflakes．Basedontheresultsthefollowingsummariescouldbedrawnathelakemanagementshouldbepersistentbthecontrolshouldfollowastepwisescientificprocedurebasedongoodplanningcattentionshouldbepaidtothelong-termmonitoringandbasicresearchesdsourcecontrolofpollutantsusingintegratedmethodsshouldbetheprimarytaskeecologicalremediationshouldbeperformedinordertorestorethenaturalecosysteminthelakesfwatershedmanagementshouldbestrengthenedandlegislationenvironmentaleducationandpublicparticipationbeencouraged．Keywordsforeignlakeslaketypelakemanagementenlightenment、、、、、、。21-3。《2010》426Ⅱ13.8%Ⅲ519.2%Ⅳ415.4%Ⅴ623.1%Ⅴ1038.5%。。、。“、”。5-7。。11.1、、、、、、、、、Trummen、Finjasjn17。1.2、、17、。1。22.117201Fig．1Thetechnologyroadmapofwaterpollutioncontrolandlakeeutrophicationmanagementinabroad。。8-9。17、、1。2.2、。2。2.2.1、。、、。2005·751·3117Table1Thefeaturesandclassificationof17lakesinabroadSkm2Hm220670.25124110004411.78.5、、、、S＞50km2H＜10m571821005780059600257001896087.6851478559198632.9、、、、、H＞10mTrummenFinjasjn33.5627.50.2311.44111.255.81.21.617.93S＜50km21。2Fig．2Themanagementideaoflargeandmedium-sizedshallowlakes50%20m3d《》2010800m310-11。8000m2809m285%12-13。2.2.2。、、11992《》23、、411-13。。。10-13。2.2.3·851·2“”。123410-14。2.3、。。3。3Fig．3Themanagementideaofdeeplakes2.3.1。、。。197225%199793%1980197987mgm3199915mgm3200912mgm315-16。1989、171990200t。1972120197889%64%1417。2.3.212———3、15-16。1972《》1978、2009《》100、17-18。2.3.31416。2.4。4。4Fig．4Themanagementideaoflandscapelakes1970。·951·319。20-21。Trummen7。22。3172。2Table2Effectandageoflakepollutioncontrolinabroada301035Ⅲ～ⅣⅡ2340ⅣⅢ151920200.8m4.5ma80%1441131822104174.6mgL5μgL9.0mgL7μgL5.2mgL5μgL30%40%3214Trummen1373021Finjasjn4325272090193.1、2101041km2Trummen137。、、2090。。3.2。、。、、。“”1999—2020221999—20102010—2020·061·2。24。3.3。50、。4023-24。。。3.4。。。。、。Finjasjn401987—199246001992—1994100025-26。3.530。。2050205011。。3.6、。、、。。13。。3.7、。、10-1118。。13·161·3。4。。。“”、。1．J．2007712-25.2．J．201033392-98.3．J．2006315119-121.4．2010R．2011.5．J．2011136126-134.6．J．200730220-22.7．J．200728148-11.8．J．2002143193-202.9．J．20042398-100.10．5EBOL．2012-03-31．http．pref．ibaraki．jpbukyokuseikankantailakefilespdf5kosyouhozenkeikaku．pdf．11．5EBOL．2012-03-21．http．pref．shiga．jppublicsuishitsukekkafileskeikaku．pdf．12COVENEYMFSTITESDLLOWEEFetal．NutrientremovalfromentropicLakewaterbywetlandfiltrationJ．EcologicalEngineering200219141-159.13DUNNEEJMICHAELFCMARZOLFERetal．Efficacyofalarge-scaleconstructedwetlandtoremovephosphorusandsuspendedsolidsfromLakeApopkaFloridaJ．EcologicalEngineering20124290-100.14．J．200728145-7.15HOHNECKERHG．SustainablelakeprotectioninSouthwestGermany-LakeConstanceexperiencesandperspectivesCProceedingsof2009BeijingInternationalEnvironmentalTechnologyConference．Beijings．n．2009.16MEIREPCOENENMLOMBARDOCetal．IntegratedwatermanagementpracticalexperiencesandcasestudiesM．BerlinSpringer2007.17PERVAZEAS．EcosystemrestorationintheGreatLakestheGreatLakesregionalcollaborationstrategyROL．2006-05-082012-03-21．http．geo．mtu．edu．18．J．2009625-32.19IBELINGSBWPORTIELJERLAMMENSEHRRetal．ResilienceofalternativestablestatesduringtherecoveryofshallowlakesfromeutrophicationLakeVeluweasacasestudyJ．Ecosystems20071014-16.20．M．2003.21GANTZERPASINGLETONVLLITTLEJC．LakeandreservoirmanagementJ．WaterEnvironRes201080101743-1790.22RULEYJERUSCHKA．Anassessmentoflong-termpost-restorationwaterqualitytrendsinashallowsubtropicalurbanhypereutrophiclakeJ．EcologicalEngineering200219265-280.23．J．200827137-39.24BALLATORET．5·14LakeBiwaandtheWorld'sLakesRapporteursWilliamsandBallatore．Participants50J．WaterPolicy20013Suppl1205-207.25ANNADOTTERTCRONBERGGAAGRENRetal．MultipletechniquesforlakerestorationJ．Hydrobiologia199939539677-85.26SABINEHELISABETHMGMICHAELHetal．RestorationofsubmergedvegetationinshallowentropiclakesaguidelineandstateoftheartinGermanyJ．Limnologica200636155-171.○·261·