海水养殖废水灌溉条件下SPAC系统中水盐肥通量研究赵耕毛

＊(30470331):(1975～),,,,。E-mail∶[e-mail]:2005-08-10;:2005-12-19SPAC＊赵耕毛　刘兆普　陈铭达　寇伟锋(,210095)　　　20044～10,,SPAC。5,CK(,)(LF)0.1、0.2、0.3、0.4。:0.1、0.2、0.3、0.4,36.5%、36.2%、37.0%、37.3%;,91.1、94.1、98.7、107.1g;2.00、2.29、2.27、2.82mg,1.81、1.40、1.29、0.92mg,3.03、2.68、2.44、1.67mg。,,。　　;;　　S153.5;S275.3　　　　　　　A　　,、。,[1～2]。,。(USEPA),2004630[3]。、、、,。,,、,,[4～6]。。,,,、,。--(SPAC),,。1　1.1　　　“863”,,550mm,2116mm。(HelianthustuberosusL.),、、、。,1。5,CK(,)()0.1、0.2、0.3、0.4。3,。20043,(20cm),0.2kg。31,21。(621)(911436　　　Vol.43,No.6200611ACTAPEDOLOGICASINICA　Nov.,2006),2。10.0dSm-1,、0.58、0.140.26mgL-1。(LF)、(R)、(θ1)(θ2),LF=R/(R+θ2-θ1),。1　Table1　BasicpropertiesofsoilusedinthisexperimentSoillayerpHTotalsolublesolidsBulkdensityParticlecomposition(%)(cm)(gkg-1)(gcm-3)Sand2～0.02mmSilt0.02～0.002mmClay0.002mm0～207.580.211.2782.68.98.520～408.260.311.5882.68.19.31.2　(1)。PVC,30cm,32cm,45cm。()。。,40cm,10cm。,,。5cm。20cm(TDR),。1　Fig.1　Lysimeterusedintheexperiment1.3　(SY-2),:(mgL-1)=EC(dSm-1)×640[7]NH+4-N、NO-3-NPO3-4-P、[8]。2　2.1　　　,[9]:I+P+G=ETC+R+ΔW(1),I、P、G、(mm);ETC、R、ΔW、(mm)。,G=0,(1):I+P=ETC+R+ΔW(2),。2,。0.1、0.2、0.3、0.4,36.5%、36.2%、37.0%、37.3%。,,(p0.05),(ETC=0.8573I+343.65,R2=0.9986)。2　Table2　Waterfluxofirrigationwithsalineaquaculturewastewater1)TreatmentInput(mm)IPOutput(mm)ETCRBudget(mm)ΔW0.1240.1289.4550.238.4-59.10.2270.1289.4573.262.7-76.40.3308.6289.4610.083.2-95.20.4359.5289.4651.3116.5-118.9　　1)Leachingfraction(LF)962　　　　　　　　　43　　,。:0.1、0.2、0.3、0.4,94.1%、91.8%、88.4%87.1%;49.5%、46.3%、41.9%38.7%。,(),,(p0.05)。(ΔW=-0.5787ETC+257.64,R2=0.9958)。2.2　[9]:Ici+Gcg=Rcr+Δz(3),I、G、R、(L);ci、cg(mgL-1);cr、Δz。,G=0,(3):Ici=Rcr+Δz(4)3　Table3　Saltfluxofirrigationwithsalineaquaculturewastewater1)TreatmentInputI(L)Ci(gL-1)2)OutputR1(L)cr1(gL-1)R2(L)cr2(gL-1)BudgetΔz(g)0.116.966.401.333.681.389.1391.10.219.086.402.023.582.418.6794.10.321.806.402.393.993.498.9798.70.425.446.404.244.263.999.43107.1　　1)Leachingfraction(LF);2)R1、cr1、R2cr21、1、22R1,cr1,R2andcr2representvolumesandsaltconcentrationsofleachateafterthefirstandsecondeventsofirrigation,respec-tively　　,(3)。0.1、0.2、0.3、0.4,108.5、122.1、139.5、162.8g;17.5、28.1、40.8、55.7g;91.1、94.1、98.7、107.1g(2.9、3.0、3.13.4gkg-1)。,,。,(cr2cr1),12,。,,。,,。,(Y=0.7022X-58.027,R2=0.9979)。C/C=LF,。2.3　:Ini=Rnr+Δu(5),I、R、(L);ni、nr(mgL-1);Δu。,4。0.1、0.2、0.3、0.4,(NH+4-N)2.37、2.67、3.05、3.56mg;0.37、0.38、0.79、0.75mg;2.00、2.29、2.27、2.82mg。0.1、0.2、0.3、0.4,(NO-3-N)9.84、11.07、12.64、14.76mg,8.03、9.20、11.35、13.84mg;1.81、1.40、1.29、0.92mg。,0.1、0.2、0.3、0.4,(PO3-4-P)4.41、4.96、5.67、6.61mg,6　　:SPAC963　　1.38、2.28、3.23、4.95mg;3.03、2.68、2.44、1.67mg。,,。4　Table4　NutrientfluxofirrigationwithsalineaquaculturewastewaterItem1)TreatmentInputI(L)ni(mgL-1)2)OutputR1(L)n1(mgL-1)R2(L)n2(mgL-1)BudgetΔu(mg)NH+4-N0.116.960.141.330.251.380.03+2.000.219.080.142.020.142.410.04+2.290.321.800.142.390.303.490.02+2.270.425.440.144.240.113.990.07+2.82N0-3-N0.116.960.581.333.591.382.36+1.810.219.080.582.022.722.411.73+1.400.321.800.582.392.503.491.54+1.290.425.440.584.241.893.991.46+0.92PO43--P0.116.960.261.330.741.380.29+3.030.219.080.262.020.462.410.56+2.680.321.800.262.390.713.490.44+2.440.425.440.264.240.633.990.57+1.67　　1)Leachingfraction(LF);2)R1、n1、R2n21、1、22R1,n1,R2andn2representvolumesandnutrientconcentrationsofleachateafterthefirstandsecondeventsofirrigation,re-spectively3　　SPAC,。,30%,。SPAC(),,。JedBrown[10],。98%94%;99%97%。:2,、,,,。McIn-tosh[11],,20%～31%。Hussain[12],N40mgL-150%,[13],,,、[14]。[15],,,。,,。,,,(C/C=LF)。(、),。,,。,50%,,。,。964　　　　　　　　　43[1]　.21.,2000,24(12):30～34.ZhangFS.BlueagricultureofChinain21stcen-tury(InChinese).EngineeringScience,2000,24(12):30～34[2]　,,,..,2003,22(4):45～48.YangL,ShuTF,WenYM,etal.CountermeasuresonsustainabledevelopmentofmaricultureinChina(InChinese).FisheriesScience,2003,22(4):45～48[3]　BoydCE.Guidelinesforaquacultureeffluentmanagementatthefarm-level.Aquaculture,2003,226(1/4):101～112[4]　Teichert-CoddingtonDR,RouseDB,PottsA,etal.Treatmentofharvestdischargefromintensiveshrimppondsbysettling.Aquacul-turalEngineering,1999,19(3):147～161[5]　JonesAB,DennisonWC,PrestonNP.Integratedtreatmentofshrimpeffluentbysedimentation,oysterfiltrationandmacroalgalab-sorption:Alaboratoryscalestudy.Aquaculture,2001,193∶155～178[6]　JacksonCJ,PrestonN,BurfordMA,etal.Managingthedevelop-mentofsustainableshrimpfarminginAustralia:Theroleofsedimen-tationpondsintreatmentoffarmdischargewater.Aquaculture,2003,226∶23～24[7]　RhoadesJD,KandiahA,MashaliAM.Theuseofsalinewatersforcropproduction.In:IrrigationandDrainagePaper48,FAO,Rome,1992.2[8]　..:,1999.129～135.SoilScienceSocietyofChina.ed.SoilandAgro-chemistryAnalysis(InChinese).Beijing:ChineseAgri-culturalScienceandTechnologyPress,1999.129～135[9]　BeltranJM.Irrigationwithsalinewater:benefitsandenvironmentalimpact.AgriculturalWaterManagement,1999,40:183～194[10]　JedBrownJ,GlennEP.Reuseofhighlysalineaquacultureeffluenttoirrigateapotentialforagehalophyte,Suaedaesteroa.AquaculturalEngineering,1999,20:91～111[11]　McIntoshD,FitxsimmonsK.Characterizationofeffluentfromanin-land,low-salinityshrimpfarm:Shatcontributioncouldthiswatermakeifusedforir