海洋氮循环中细菌的厌氧氨氧化洪义国副本

Mini-ReviewActaMicrobiologicaSinica49(3):281-286;4March2009ISSN0001-6209;CN11-1995Qhttp:journals.im.ac.cnactamicrocn:(30800032);(84510301001692);(07YQ091001)＊。Tel:[phone];E-mai:[e-mail]:(1974-),,,。E-mail:[e-mail]:2008-09-30;:2008-12-08洪义国1,李猛2,顾继东1,2＊(1,,510301)(2,):。,:。,,。,,,。,,,、。:(Anammox);;:Q938.1　　:A　　:0001-6209(2009)03-0281-06　　,、、。,。,[1]。,(Nitrification)(Denitrification),(NH3)(NO-2)(NO-3),NO-2NO-3(N2)。,NO-2NH3N2,。,。1　厌氧氨氧化的发现缘于偶然　　,NH+4。1977,Broda,NH+4N2,[2]。90,Delft,,NH+4,NH+4NO-3,N2。NH+4。DelftGijsKuenen,Kuenen,。,DOI:10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.2009.03.009。,1995,Kuenen,“Anammox”(Anaerobicammoniaoxidation),,(EP0327184A1)[3]。、,KuenenAnammox,[4]。1999,DelftStrous,Anammox,16SrDNA(Planctomycetales),Broda[5]。2　厌氧氨氧化菌具有特殊的生理生化和细胞生物学特征2.1　,Anammox。,,Anammox,5:Candidatus“Brocadia”、Candidatus“Kuenenia”、Candidatus“Scalindua”、Candidatus“Anammoxoglobus”Candidatus“Jettenia”。,Candidatus“Scalindua”4,Candidatus“ScalinduaSorokinii”、Candidatus“Scalinduabrodae”、Candidatus“Scalinduawagneri”Candidatus“ScalinduaArabica”,Candidatus“Brocadiafulgida”,1[6-10]。16SrRNA,Anammox,,(PhylumPlanctomycetales)。Anammox,Candidatus“Brocadia”Candidatus“Scalindua”16SrRNA85%,,。16SrRNA23SrRNA,ISR。Candidatus“Brocadia”Candidatus“Kuenenia”16SrRNA20bp,9a9b,ARB()16SrRNA[11]。1　(M1、M2、M3、M7M11)Fig.1　PhylogenicrelationshipofAnammoxbacteria..M1、M2、M3、M7andM11aretheclonesfromthesedimentofSouthChinaSea.Thenumbersinparenthesesrepresentthesequences'accessionnumberinGenBank.Thenumberineachbranchpointisthepercentagesupportedbybootstrap.Thebarrepresents1%sequencedivergence.2.2　,,1μm,[5]。S,,,。(Anammoxosome),30%,,,,[12]。,,282YiguoHongetal.ActaMicrobiologicaSinica(2009)49(3)。、,。、。,,,[5]。,。c。77Ka、bd。,468nm,CO[13]。,:X、Y2(X+Y)。XYcis,,(Ladderanelipids)。Candidatus“B.anammoxidan”,LadderaneXLadderaneY34%。,[14]。2.3　Kueneniaastuttgartiensis,,。,2006(Environmentalgenomics)-Candidatus“Kueneniaastuttgartiensis”,Nature[15]。4.2×106,200。GeobactersulfureducensShewanellaoneidensis,,。,,Planctomycetales,。,,。,。3　细菌厌氧氨氧化是在厌氧氨氧化体内完成的呼吸产能过程　　,[12]。(Anammoxosome)(HZO),NH+4(NH2OH)(HH),HZO,HZO(HAO)。Anammoxosome,N2、44。4Riboplasm5(NIR)。,RiboplasmAnammoxosome,。AnammoxosomeRiboplasm。(ΔpH)(Δψ)。ΔpHΔψAnammoxosome(Δp),ATPaseATP。ATPaseRiboplasm,ATPRiboplasm,:3NO-3+5NH+4※4N2+9H2O+2H+ΔG0=-297kJ·mol-1　　13CCO2,。A(CoA),NO-2CO2。4　细菌厌氧氨氧化在海洋氮的生物地球化学循环中发挥重要作用　　,(、)。,N2。2002,ThamdrupDalsgaard,,24%～67%N2,Anammox[16]。2003,283:.(2009)49(3)Nature,Anammox:Kuypers-[8]。85～100,,,,。Dalsgaard15NGolfoDulce19%～35%N2[17]。2004,[18]。Anammox,Baltimore、、Chesapeake、、Benguela、Mellerup[19-24]。Schmid,[25]。,Anammox,16SrRNA,Scalindua,AnammoxHZOBrocadiaKuenenia,Anammox。,,N213～12,。,N2。,,CO2,。、、,。,,,。,,,、。,。Schubert,Tanganyika13%N2[26];,[27],。5　细菌厌氧氨氧化为废水生物脱氮新技术的研究提供了理论基础　　,,,CO2,。、。,500。,[28]。,,,,。6　研究展望　　Anammox,。,,。,,Anammox,(1)。,。,,,;(2),,,。,;(3):,;(4)。,、、,Anammox,。,,,284YiguoHongetal.ActaMicrobiologicaSinica(2009)49(3)。Anammox,。,,,。,,。参考文献[1]ArrigoKR.Marinemicroorganismsandglobalnutrientcycles.Nature,2005,437:349-355.[2]BrodaE.Twokindsoflithotrophsmissinginnature.ZeitschriftfurAllgemeineMikrobiologie,1977,17(6):491-493.[3]MulderA,vandeGraafAA,RobertsonLA,etal.Aanareobicammoniumoxidationdiscoveredinadenitrifyingfluidizedbedreactor.FEMSMicrobiologyEcology,1995,16(3):177-183.[4]vandeGraafAA,MulderA,deBruijnP,etal.Anaerobicoxidationofammoniumisabiologicallymediatedprocess.AppliedEnvironmentalandMicrobiology,1995,61(4),1246-1251.[5]StrousM,FuerstJ,KramerE,etal.Missinglithotrophidentifiedasnewplanctomycete.Nature,1999,400:446-449.[6]SchmidM,TwachtmannU,KleinM,etal.Molecularevidenceforgenusleveldiversityofbacteriacapableofcatalyzinganaerobicammoniumoxidation.SystematicandAppliedMicrobiology,2000,23(1):93-106.[7]KartalB,RattrayJ,vanNiftrikL,etal.Candidatus“Anammoxoglobuspropionicus”gen.nov.,sp.nov.,anewpropionateoxidizingspeciesofanaerobicammoniumoxidizingbacteria.SystematicandAppliedMicrobiology,2007,30(1):39-49.[8]KuypersMMM,SliekersAO,LavikG,etal.AnaerobicammoniumoxidationbyanammoxbacteriaintheBlackSea.Nature,2003,422:608-611.[9]SchmidM,WalshK,WebbR,etal.Candidatus“Scalinduabrodae”,sp.nov.,Candidatus“Scalinduawagneri”,sp.nov.,twonewspeciesofanaerobicammoniumoxidizingbacteria.SystematicandAppliedMicrobiology,2003,26(4):529-538.[10]WoebkenD,LamP,KuypersMM,etal.AmicrodiversitystudyofanammoxbacteriarevealsanovelCandidatusScalinduaphylotypeinmarineoxygenminimumzones.EnvironmentalMicrobiology,2008,10(11):3106-3119.[11]SchmidM,Schmitz-EsserS,JettenM,etal.16S23SrDNAintergenicspacerand23SrDNAofanaerobicammonium-oxidizingbacteria:implicationsforphylogenyandinsitudetection.EnvironmentalMicrobiology,2001,3(7):450-459.[12]vanNiftrikLA,FuerstJA,Sinninghe-DamstéJS,etal.Theanammoxosome:anintracytoplasmiccompartmentinanammoxbacteria.FEMSMicrobiologyLetter,2004,233(1):7-13.[13]JettenMSM,StrousM,Pas-SchoonenKT,etal.TheAnaerobicoxidationofammonium.FEMSMicrobiologyReviews,1999,22(5):421-437.[14]SinningheD,RijpstraJS,GeenevasenWIC.Linearlyconcatenatedcyclobutanelipidsformadensebacterialmembrane.Nature,2002,419:708-712.