海洋厌氧氨氧化细菌分子生态学研究进展舒青龙

微生物学通报NOV20,2009,36(11):1758~1765Microbiology©2009byInstituteofMicrobiology,[e-mail]基金项目：(,No.0904)*通讯作者：Tel:[phone];:[e-mail]收稿日期：2009-04-20;接受日期：2009-07-09专论与综述海洋厌氧氨氧化细菌分子生态学研究进展舒青龙1,2,3*焦念志2汤坤贤2(1.330004)(2.361005)(3.423000)摘要:厌氧氨氧化细菌是能在厌氧的条件下将氨氧化为氮气的一类细菌,这类细菌执行着以前未被人们所认知的一个独特的过程——厌氧氨氧化过程,据估计厌氧氨氧化过程对于海洋氮气的形成有30%~50%的贡献率;海洋厌氧氨氧化细菌能与氨氧化细菌及氨氧化古菌存在潜在的耦合作用,对于海洋氮循环复杂机制的阐述有着非常重要的意义;同时海洋厌氧氨氧化细菌独特的细胞和基因组结构,也成为了解海洋细菌进化重要的模式微生物之一。本文综述了近年来国内外厌氧氨氧化细菌分子生态学方面的进展,并结合作者的工作对未来的研究进行展望。关键词:厌氧氨氧化细菌,海洋,分子生态学ProgressofMolecularEcologicalResearchonMarineAnammoxBacteriaSHUQing-Long1,2,3*JIAONian-Zhi2TANGKun-Xian2(1.SchoolofBasicMedicineSciences,JiangxiUniversityofTraditionalChineseMedicine,Nanchang,Jiangxi330004,China)(2.StateKeyLaboratoryofMarineEnvironmentalScience,XiamenUniversity,Xiamen,Fujian361005,China)(3.ChemistryandLifeSciencedepartment,XiangnanUniversity,Chenzhou,Hunan423000,China)Abstract:Anammoxbacteriacanperformanaerobicammoniumoxidation,alongmissingprocesswhichcontributes30%~50%todinitrogengasinmarinenitrogencycling.Thepotentialroleofanam-moxbacteriacouplingwithammoniumoxidizingbacteriaandarchaeawillbenefittoelaboratethecomplexmechanismofmarinenitrogencycling.Furthermore,theuniquecellandgenomiccharacteris-ticsmakeanammoxbacteriaanimportantmodelmicroorganismtoexplorethebacterialevolution.Herewereviewedthecurrentstatusofmolecularecologyofmarineanammoxbacteriaandgiveaperspectiveintothefuturebasedonourunderstandingoftheliteratureandourownwork.Keywords:Anammoxbacteria,Marine,Molecularecology1厌氧氨氧化细菌概述(Anammoxbacteria),[1](Planctomycetes),,DOI:10.13344/j.microbiol.china.2009.11.014:1759[2]:“(Anammoxosome)”“”(Com-partment)(7d/~14d/)[2,3]DelftGist-Brocades,Candidatus“Brocadiaanammoxi-dans”[3],Candidatus“Kueneiastuttgartiensis”Candidatus“Scalinduabrodae”,Candidatus“ScalinduaWagneri”[4,5];,Candidatus“Scalinduaso-rokinii”[6,7];2007KartalSBR(SequenceBatchReactor,SBR)——Candidatus“Anammoxog-lobuspropionicus”[8]4,1,3,Scalindua()KueneniaBrocadia“Anammoxoglobuspropionicus”(3)[2−4]:(NH4++NO2−→N2↑+2H2O),(Anammoxprocesses),,[2,3,8];,CO2;,,16SrRNA,16SrRNA85%,[9]2海洋厌氧氨氧化细菌研究意义,,,,67%~80%,,,,[3,5],30%~50%,OMZs(Oxygenminimumzones),80%TgN/yr~150TgN/yr[4,5,10]δ13C,,[9],,,,(PirellulaPlanctomycesGemmataIsosphaera),,16SrRNA,,,3海洋厌氧氨氧化细菌研究方法,15N15N,,,,:16SrRNA-PCR16SrRNA-PCR-DGGE16SrRNA-Realtime-PCR16SrRNA16S-23SrDNAFISH,1760微生物学通报2009,Vol.36,No.11海洋厌氧氨氧化细菌研究进展,,Candidatus“Kueneniastuttgartiensis”,N24.1模式厌氧氨氧化细菌研究进展Candidatus“Brocadiaanam-moxidans”Candidatus“Kueneniastuttgartiensis”[5],,2001,SchmidCandidatus“Brocadiaanammoxidans”Candidatus“Kueneniastuttgartiensis”20bp(E.coli157),ISR;2002,Damste“”,,,4,[11];2007TsushimaRDR(RotatingDiskReactor)Candidatus“Brocadiaanammoxidans”16SrRNA92%,RealtimePCR[11],ITSRealtimePCRCandidatus“Kueneiastuttgar-tiensis”,,2006Nature[8],(73%±5%Candidatus“Kueneiastuttgar-tiensis”),,,,:CO2();,23,,,HAO(Hydroxylamineoxidoreductase,HAO)C,,Candidatus“Kueneiastuttgartiensis”C[13],4.2海洋环境厌氧氨氧化细菌的研究进展15N,2002Thamdrup2,24%~67%,,[14];2003DalsgaardGolfoDulce15N,19%~35%[7];,Thamdrup:,[14];,()[15],(1)2003Kuypers(,),15NFISH16SrRNASchubert()(16SrRNACandidatus“Scalinduabrodae”16S:1761),FISH13000cell/mL[6]16SrRNA,2006Kirkpatrick16SrRNA,[16];2006PentonBrod541FBrod1260RAn7FAn1388R1116SrRNA[17];pla-46F1392RMD28960.1m16SrRNA[18],16SrRNA,;1999LiIzu-Bonin1[18];2003Bowman316SrRNA[14];,Mills,,,[6,15,18,20]Kuypers,30%~50%,[21]表1海洋厌氧氨氧化细菌分子生态学最近调查Table1RecentinvestigationsonmolecularecologicalresearchonmarineanammoxbacteriaSitesLatitudesandlongitudesofthetypicalsitesEnvironmenttypesMethods16SrRNAAnammoxrelated16SrRNAgenesequencesIzu-BoninTrench30°55′N,141°49′ESediment16SrRNAPCRAB015552*Blacksea(S76057620)42°30.71′N,30°14.69′E,42°55.56′N,30°03.65′EWatercolumnFISH,15NlipidanalysisAY257181*GolfoDulce,CostaRica(Sta-tionAB)8°34.15′′N,83°14.69′W,8°37.99′N,83°20.62′WWatercolumn15N−AntarcticContinentalShelf66°31.86′S,143°38.30′ESediment16SrRNAPCRAF424468,AF424477,AF424463InnerharborofBaltimore39°16.8′N,76°36.1′WSedimentDGGE,FISH,15NAY250882*,AY266450*,AY360082*,AY266449*Benguelacurrentsystem(M182M202)13.8~14.1°W,22~23°SUpwellingFISH,15Nlipidanalysis−LakeTanganyika,5°05′S,29°31′EFreshwaterFISH,15NLipidanalysisDQ444400*WintergreenLake,42°23′56′′N,85°22′59′′WFreshwater16SrRNA-PCRDQ870142,DQ870154,DQ870144,DQ870143Sheriff’sMarsh42°25′19′′N,85°30′58′′WMarsh16SrRNA-PCRDQ870090,DQ870115DQ870093,DQ870098,DQ870114BarrowCanyonsediment,Alaskanmargin−Sediment16SrRNA-PCRDQ869384*,DQ869385*EastHannaShoalChuckchiSea16072°38′13′′N,158°40′01′′WSediment16SrRNA-PCRDQ869865,DQ869899,DQ869893,DQ869896TurningBasin47°03′08′′N,122°54′27′′WSediment16SrRNA-PCRDQ870047,DQ870078,DQ870077ShallowBudInlet47°04′59′′N,122°54′07′′WSediment16SrRNA-PCRDQ870014JuandeFucaRidge46°47′00′′N,133°40_00′′WSediment16SrRNA-PCRDQ869978FloridaEvergladesWaterConservationAreasiteF126°21′59′′N,80°22′23′′WSediment16SrRNA-PCRDQ870182,DQ870175,DQ870174,DQ870179F