含氨废水短程硝化工艺的探讨卢刚

浙江大学学报()　30(3):241～246,2004JournalofZhejiangUniversity(Agric.&LifeSci.)　　:2003-08-04:(30070017);.:(1975—),,,,.:,,,..Tel:[phone];E-mail:[e-mail].:1008-9209(2004)03-0241-06卢刚,郑平,夏凤毅(,310029)　:含氨废水的短程硝化能够实现节能降耗,是目前废水生物脱氮领域的研究热点.本文分析了短程硝化的原理及基于短程硝化的新型生物脱氮工艺的优势,探讨了温度、pH、溶解氧、游离氨、污泥龄等控制条件对实现短程硝化的影响以及适宜的参数范围,并介绍了短程硝化的工艺途径.　　:含氨废水;生物脱氮;短程硝化;控制条件;SHARON工艺;OLAND工艺:TQ92　　　:ALUGang,ZHENGPing,XIAFeng-yi(Dept.ofEnvironmentalEngineering,ZhejiangUniv.,Hangzhou310029,China)Partialnitrificationofammonia-containingwastewater.JournalofZhejiangUniversity(Agric.&LifeSci.),2004,30(3):241-246Abstract:Partialnitrificationofammonia-containingwastewatercansaveenergyandreducecost,andhasbecomeoneofthehotspotsintheresearchofbiologicalnitrogenremovalfromwastewater.Theprincipleofpartialnitrificationandthemeritsofanewprocessbasedonthatprinciplewereanalyzed,effectsofthecontrollingconditionssuchastemperature,pH,dissolvedoxygen,freeammoniaandsludgeagewerediscussed,andsomenewprocessesforpartialnitrificationwerepresented.Keywords:ammonia-containingwastewater;biologicalnitrogenremoval;partialnitrification;controllingcondition;SHARONprocess;OLANDprocess　　,.,.,、[1],.,,-、-[2,3].,,.1　短程硝化原理　　[4,5],:,(Nitrosomonas)(NO2-);,(Nitrobacter)(NO3-),:　　NH4++32O2NO2-+H2O+2H+(1)　　NO2-+12O2NO3-(2)　　,,.,,.,.,,,,,.　　,-,,.　　-,.,:　　NH4++2O2NO3-+H2O+2H+　　NO3-+56CH3OH12N2+56CO2+76H2O+OH-(3)　　-、-,:　　-:　　NH4++32O2NO2-+H2O+2H+　　NO2-+12CH3OH12N2+12CO2+12H2O+OH-(4)　　-:　　NH4++32O2NO2-+H2O+2H+　　NO2-+NH4+N2+2H2O(5)　　,:①--25%,--62.5%,;②--40%,-,;③-,;④,、VSS0.765g/gN、0.345g/gN0.112g/gN[6,7],.2　短程硝化的控制条件　　,.:、pH、、.2.1　　　　,,.,,,.　　(5～40℃),[8]:　　_mt=_m20exp(-Eact(20-t)293R(273+t)6)(6),_mtt(℃)(d-1),_m20(20℃)(d-1),Eact(kJ/mol),R(8.314J/molK).θ=Eact/[293R(273+t)],(6):　　_mt=_m20exp[θ(t-20)](7)242　　　　　浙江大学学报()　30　,θ.　　68kJ/molNH4+44kJ/molNO2-[4],θ0.0940.061.(20℃),0.801/d0.788/d[9,10].(7),1.1　Fig.1　Relationshipbetweengrowthrateofnitrobacteriaandtemperature　　1,.20℃,,20℃,.,,,.Hellinga,(5～20℃),,,(20～35℃)[11].,,,[12],40℃.,30～35℃.2.2　pH　　pH2,pH,pH[13].　　pH,pH7.0～8.5,6.0～7.5[4].HellingapH,2[11].2　pHFig.2　EffectofpHongrowthrateofnitrobaceria　　,.,,.,pH,,,.　　,(NH3)(HNO2).,:　　NH3+H2ONH4++OH-(8)　　HNO2NO2-+H+(9)　　pH,(8),,.,pH,(9),,.,pH,,.　　,pH[13,14].,pH243　3　,:　　　　　.,pH7.6～8.1.2.3　(DO)　　,.,.,.　　,,Laanbroek,0.2～0.4mg/L,1.2～1.5mg/L[15].Hunik(Nitrosomonas)(Nitrobacter),0.16mg/L0.54mg/L[16].,,,,,,.　　,Hanaki,0.5mg/L,60%,30%[17].BernetDO,DO1.0mg/L,[18].,0.5～lmg/L,250mg/L,90%,120d[19].　　,.,,1～1.2mg/L.2.4　(FA)　　(8),2:(NH3)(NH4+).,,,.,.　　Anthonisen,0.1～1.0mg/L,10～150mg/L[20].Christian0.6mg/L,;5mg/L,40mg/L[21].Abeling,5mg/L,;≥7mg/L,[22].,,,.,5～10mg/L.　　,,[4]:　　CNH3=1.214CTAN10pHexp[6344/(273+t)]+10pH(10),CNH3,CTAN,t.:、pH.,,.,(9),3.　　,,:pH、、,pH.,pH.　　,:,[23,24].,.,,.244　　　　　浙江大学学报()　30　3　Fig.3　Sensitivityanalysisoftheparameters2.5　　　,.,.pH,,,,,,.　　,.3　短程硝化工艺3.1　SHARON　　SHARON(SinglereactorforHighactivityAmmoniaRemovalOverNitrite)Delft[11,25].,(30～40℃),.,,,.　　SHARON:①,;②HRT,HRT;③,pH,.　　SHARON,.3.2　OLAND　　OLAND(OxygenLimitedAutotrophicNitrificationDenitrification)Gent[26].,,,.　　OLAND,:①,,,,,;②,,.　　OLAND,..4　结　论　　,,.,,.:、pH、、,:30～35℃、pH7.6～8.1、1～1.2mg/L、5～10mg/L,.,,,.245　3　,:　　　　　References:[1]　VerstraeteW,PhilipsS.Nitrification-denitrificationprocessesandtechnologiesinnewcontexts[J].EnvironmentalPollution,1998,102(31):717-726.[2]　ZHENGPing,FENGXiao-shan(,).JettenMSM,etal.StudyonperformanceofANAMMOXfluidizedbedreactor[J].ActaScientiaeCircumstantiae(),1998,18(4):367-372.(inChinese)[3]　VanKempenR,MulderJW,UijterlindeCA,etal.Overview:fullscaleexperienceoftheSHARONprocessfortreatmentofrejectionwaterofdigestedsludgedewatering[J].WaterScienceandTechnology,2001,44(1):145-152.[4]　DanielSHagopian,JohnGRiley.Acloserlookatthebacteriologyofnitrification[J].Aquaculturalengineering,1998,18:223-244.[5]　ZHENGPing,FENGXiao-shan(,).Biochemicalmechanicsofnitrification[J].Microbiology(),1999,26(3):215-220.(inChinese)[6]　JacobCarstensen,PoulHarremoes,HenrikMadsen.Statisticalidentificationofmonod-kineticparametersfromon-linemeasurements[J].WaterScienceandTechnology,1995,31(2):125-133.[7]　ZHENGPing,HUBao-lan(,).Kineticsofanaerobicammoniaoxidation[J].ChineseJournalofBiotechnology(),2001,17(2):193-198.(inChinese)[8]　XiaodiHao,JosephJ,MarkCM,etal.Model-basedevaluationoftemperatureandinflowvariationsonapartialnitrificationANAMMOXbiofilmprocess[J].WaterResearch,2002,36:4839-4849.[9]　MaurerM,GujerW.Dynamicmodelingofenhancedbiologicalphosphorusandnitrogenremovalinactivatedsludgesystem[J].WaterScienceandTechnology,1998,38(1):203-210.[10]　WiesmannU.Biologicalnitrogenremovalfromwastewater[J].AdvancesinBiochemicalEngineeringBiotechnology,1994,51:113-154.[11]　HellingaC,SchellenA,MulderJW,etal.TheSharonprocess:aninnovativemethodfornitrogenremovalfromammoniumrichwastewater[J].WaterScienceandTechnology,1998,37(9):135-142.[12]　StrousM,KunenJG,JettenMSM.Keyphysiologyofanaerobicammoniumoxidation[J].ApplEnvironMicrobiol,1999,65:3248-3250.[13]　AntoniouP,HamiltonJ,KoopmanB,etal.EffectoftemperatureandpHontheeffectivemaximumspecificgrowthrat