韩国农村排水系统的建设及对我国新农村水污染控制的启示周律

,2008,10(4):42-47JournalofAgriculturalScienceandTechnology　:2008-03-21;:2008-06-10　:(AsiaResearchCenterinTsinghuaUniversity)2005。　:,,。Tel:[phone];E-mail:[e-mail]周　律1,　李秉浩2,　李佳璘1(1.,100084;2.,680-749)　:,、,。,。,,。:;;;;:S276.3　　　:A　　　:1008-0864(2008)04-0042-06WastewaterFacilityConstructioninKoreanRuralAreasandApocalypseforWaterPollutionControlinNewRuralAreasofChinaZHOULv1,LEEByoung-ho2,LIJia-lin1(1.DepartmentofEnvironmentalScienceandEngineering,TsinghuaUniversity,Beijing100084,China;2.DepartmentofCivilandEnvironmentalEngineering,UlsanUniversity,Ulsan680-749,Korea)Abstract:Koreangovernmentisamaininvestorandplaysaleadingroleincontrollingwaterpollutioninruralareas,throughissuingplans,regulationsandtechnicalstandardsetc.toregulateconstruction.Statisticaldatashowthatthebio-filmprocessispredominantsewagetreatmenttechnologyinSouthKoreanruralareas.ThroughanalyzingSouthKoreanexperiencesinconstructiondrainagesystemandselectingsewagetreatmenttechnologyinSouthKoreanruralareas,thispapersummarizeskeyparametersusedinsewagetreatmentinSouthKoreanruralareasandputsforwardseveralsuggestionsfortheconstructionofsewagetreatmentfacilitiesinbuildingnewruralareasinChina.Keywords:China;SouthKorea;ruralareas;sewagefacilities;construction　　。,。,2.8t,90t,2.6t,,、、[1]。,,,。1970(“”),、。“”。,。,。1　。,,,。,。,1。,。,,,,[2],2。1　Table1　Constructionpriorityofnewdrainagefacilitiesinruralarea.Constructionpriorty　Scope1,,,,,,Theareaswithwaterpollutanttotalamountcontrol,watersourceprotectionareas,ecologicalprotectionareas,degradationwaterareas,wetlandprotectionareas,nationalpark,provincialpark2《》TheareasnotbelongingtowatersourceregionsinBatanglakespecialprotectionareasthatbeyond“sewageconstructionplanning”3Specialprotectionareasofwaterqualitystandard4(Bluebelt＊)Bluebeltareas＊5Otherareas　＊:Bluebelt,,、。1972《》、、。＊:Bluebeltarea,i.e.cleanoceanarea,wasestablishedtoprotectaquiculturefromthepollutionofindustriesandshipsbasedontheagree-mentbetweenKoreaandUSA.2　[2]Table2　　Reconstructionpriorityofexistingdrainagefacilitiesinruralarea[2].Constructionpriorty　Scope1,,,,,,Theareaswithwaterpollutanttotalamountcontrol,watersourceprotectionareas,ecologicalprotectionar-eas,degradationwaterareas,wetlandprotectionareas,nationalpark,provincialpark2《》TheareasnotbelongingtowatersourceregionsinBatanglakespecialprotectionareasthatbeyond“sewageconstructionplanning”3Specialprotectionareasofwaterqualitystandardwithsoiltrench4Specialprotectionareasofwaterqualitystandardwiththeneedofdisinfection5Specialprotectionareasofwaterqualitystandardwiththeneedofimprovementinmechanicalfacilities6Specialprotectionareasofwaterqualitystandard7(Bluebelt＊)Bluebeltareas＊8Otherareas　＊:Bluebelt,,、。1972《》、、。＊:Bluebeltarea,i.e.cleanoceanarea,wasestablishedtoprotectaquiculturefromthepollutionofindustriesandshipsbasedontheagree-mentbetweenKoreaandUSA.434　:3　Table3　SouthKoreansewagedischargepermits.　　Area　　ItemBOD5(mg/L)CODMn(mg/L)SS(mg/L)TN(mg/L)TP(mg/L)E.coli(/mL)Specialprotectionareas≤10≤40≤10≤20≤2≤3000Otherareas≤20≤40≤20≤60≤8≤3000　:　1.2002.1.1,;2004.1.1,(、、、);2008.1.1,;2.1000/mL:①BlueBelt;②10km;③15km。Note:1.ThepermitswasenforcedforspecialprotectionareasofwatersourceofonJan.1,2002,forfourriversystemsonJan.1,2004,andforallareasonJan.1,2008.2.Escherichiacoliwascontrolledunder1000/mLinfollowingareas:①BlueBeltareas;②Watersourceregionsand10kmofitsup-stream;③15kmofupstreamfromwaterintake.　　,[3],3。。2　　　,,1149[4](1)。:、、、SBR、A/O。34%,。、、。4[5]。3　3.1　“、、、、”,。1　Fig.1　StatisticofsewagetreatmentprocessesinKoreanruralarea.。,,、。,。,,,。,。,,(“、、”、),,;,44104　Table4　SometypicaldesignparametersforsewagetreatmentinKoreanruralareas.　ProcessParameteritem　DesignparameterdataContactoxidation(Biofilmprocess)ReactorshapeRectangleorsquareThenumberofreactor≥2(m)Waterheightandfreeboard(m)Waterheight:3～5,Freeboard≥0.15BOD5(kg/m3·d)BOD5volumeload(kg/m3·d)0.3(%)Mediaporosity(%)50Rotatingdisccontactor(Biofolmprocess)(m)Diameterofdisc(m)2.5～4(mm)Spacebetweendiscs(mm)≥13BOD5(kg/m2·d)BOD5surfaceload(kg/m2·d)5～15(%)Immergencelevel(%)35～45(m/s)Rotatingrate(m/s)0.3(m)Waterheight(m)2.5～4(m3/m2·d)Hydraulicsurfaceload(m3/m2·d)Primarysedimentationtank:30～50Finalsedimentationtank:20～30ConventionalactivatedsludgeReactorshapeRectangleorsquareThenumberofreactor≥2MLSS(mg/L)MLSSconcentration(mg/L)1500～2500HRT(h)6～8(m)Waterheightandfreeboard(m)Waterheight:2.5～4,Freeboard≥0.8SBRSBRprocessReactorshapeRectangleorsquareThenumberofreactor≥2(m)Waterheightandfreeboard(m)Waterheight:4～6,Freeboard:DecidedbydecanterHRT(h)18～36F/M(kgBOD5/kgMLVSS·d)0.1～0.4MLSS(mg/L)MLSSconcentration(mg/L)1500～4000(kgO2/kgBOD5)Oxygendemand(kgO2/kgBOD5)1.4～2.2。,,,,、。,,,《GB8978-1996》。3.2　、、454　:,。,:3.2.1　紧密联系农村水质水量的特点　,(CODCr),mg/L,CODCrmg/L,,。,。,。,。,,,,。,。,,。、、、。,。、,--。,。3.2.2　紧密结合当地的经济水平和管理水平　。0.8/m3。,,,。,,。,()(),、、。,、,,,,,。,50m3,,,。3.2.3　建设和管理要加强群众的参与性　,“”,,。。,“”,,,。,“,”,“”。,,“”,、、。“”“”,,。4　,,,。,,,、、。,。,,,。,,,、、;,、,、。4610,,,。　　　[1]　.(〔2007〕63)[EB/OL].[2]　.[R].2005.[3]　.[EB/OL].[4]　,,.[EB/OL].[5]　.[