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-,(,210008):--N2O-:;;-:S153:A:056423945(2002)0520385207N2O,,,,,,,,,,11.1,pH,1.1.1,,5060%,(1987),65%,30%[1]Reichman(1966),0.215,[42]Flowers(1983),,,-8.0Kpa(60%)[16]1.1.2Mahendrappa(1966),,2025,35[31]MalhiMcgill(1982),Alberta3,20,30[32],1.1.3pHpHDancer(1973),pH4.76.5,35,,pH[12](1987),pH(r=0.94133),pH5.6,pH5.68.0pH[1]HayatsuKosuge(1993),pH(r=0.8733),,,pH1.5[23]Katyal(1988)15,,pH4.65.1,;pH5.86.0;pH6.48.3,,pHpH,[27]MorrilandDawson(1967)pH4.48.8116,4:(1)NH4-NNO-2,NO-3:2002204206:(973):G1999011802,:BK97217;:(19652),,,,,335200210ChineseJournalofSoilScienceVol.33,No.5Oct.,2002(pH6.937.85);(2)NH4-NNO-2,NO-3(pH5.016.38);(3)NH4-NNO-2,NO-3,NO-2;(4)(pH5.39)[36](1992),pH,pH6.68.01.1.4Nishio(1989),300mgN/g,,,,,pH[40]Hayatsu(1993),1200kgN/hm2a,400kgN/hm2a,[23]Martikainen(1984),pH,pH,[33]Boer(1989)NO3-N,;pH,NO3-NDarrah(1986),NH4ClCl-[11]Wilson(1977),3,ZnSO4(1987),,[1]Flowers(1983),[16]Nugroho(1992),,60%,,60%Nugroho(1990),C/N[41]1.115Hoyt(1980),[25],RiceandSmith(1982),[43],Groffman(1985)[22],03.8cm(156%),3.87.6cm,,7.615cm[49](Staley,1990)1.1.6Wheatley(1991),,,[53],(),(Munro,1966)[37]MooreWaid(1971)5,,,,,[7](Bremner,1988Bremner,1991)Bremner(1991)3,,10-4M,,15%,[8],1.2N2ON2O,,,N2ON2OGoreau(1980)NO-2N2O,,0.520Kpa,NO-2,N2OO2,N2O[21](1992)N2O,68.5%,N2O31.7%,124.33mgN2O,0.634mgN2ON2O,25%,2838N2O,32%,38N2O2868333N2O(1985),N2O,N2OMinami(1992)4N2O,,N2O[34]22.1,,NO3-N2.1.1,,,,,,Rolston(1982),(N2O+N2)[45]2cm,35,12;12,48;2[47](Ryden,1983)Weier(1993)(WFPS),,WFPS,;WFPS60%90%,614,170WFPS[52]Ryden(1983),,20%(w/w),0.05kgN/hm2d;20%(w/w),0.2kgN/hm2d,30%(w/w),2.0kgN/hm21460%20%(w/w)8[47]2.1.2(570),Keeney(1979),6070[28]Ryden(1983),NO3-N,510,0.02kgN/hm2d0.11kgN/hm2d,Q1011[47]2.1.3,,,Stanford1975,30[50]Colbourn(1984),(r=0.9833)[9]Lalisse-Grundmann(1988),,NO3-N,,30mgC/g120mgC/g,6[11]Weier(1993),1020,[52]Drury(1991),,,,5,[14],Aulakh(1984)(3000kg/ha),,()[6]Aulakh(1987)962.5mgN/g10.1mgN/g[6]Nugroho(1992a),60%,(427835:)4[11]Nugroho(1992b),20t100t/hm2,1.00N/hm23.56kgN/hm2Rolston(1982)10t/ha010cm,1.5%1.1%5.2%6.4%,[44]2.1.4Staley(1990),,2,[49]RiceandSmith(1984),1,77,[43]Parkin(1987),Aulakh(1983),,-,-25,,2.1.5,,pH,[29](Klemedtssonetal,1987;Bakken,1988;,1992)Wheatley(1991),,,;,,[53]HallerandStolp(1985),,Bakken(1988),,,NO3-N,NO3-N,2.1.6NO3-NDeKlein(1994),,[13]Lalisse-Groundmann(1988)NO3-N,,1536113169330mgN/g,36mgN/gNO3-N[30]Weier(1993),5,,,NO3-N[52](1992),,NO3-N2.1.7Gentzsch(1974)NO3-N,[18]Gillim(1978),,,NO3-N60cm,NO3-N90cm,63%NO3-N,[20]Weier(1993)-,,,(5115cm),;,,,2510cm406,10cm[52]Staley(1990),(03.8cm),[49]2.2N2O/N2,N2O,O3,N2O/N2,10,N2O/N2pHNO3-N2.2.1pHpH,N2OpHN2O,N2O88333KoskinenKeeney(1982),pH4.6-5.4,83%N2O,pH6.9N22.2.2NO3-NNO3-NN2O/N2N2O/N2NO3-NFocht(1978),(15N),15N215N2O[17]2.2.3N2O/N2Vinther(1984),N2Ryden(1979),N2O/N20.05-0.1ColbournHarper(1987),N2O/N20.02,0.03[10]O2,,N2O/N2(Firestoneetal,1979)Weier(1993)N2O/N2,N2O/N2,,N2O/N2;WPFS,N2O/N2;;;,N2O/N2N2O2.2.4N2O/N2Klemedtsson(1987),N2,O2,Klemedtsson(1987),N2O/N2[29]3-3.1--,80,15N-,-Ryden(1983)NH4NO3,,1.6kgN/hm2a,250500kgN/hm2,11.129.1kgN/hm2a,3.8%5.5%Elliott(1991)NH4NO3,1022%,025%[9](ColbournandDowdell,1984;Javisetal,1991),,,,DeKlein(1994)-3,8100.039%[13],Ruz-Jerez(1994)400kgN/hm2a,4.8%[46]Ryden(1983)NH4NO358%[47]ColbournDowdell(1984),70kgN/hm212kgN/hm2,1.4%2.8%[9]3.2-Aulakh(1982)-,100kgN/hm2,3kgN/hm2,3%Vinther(1984)--,48,30kgN/hm2120kgN/hm2NH4NO3,79kgN/hm2,23.3%7.5%[51]-Groffman(1985)NH4NO3-,,,,10kgN/hm2a(10.5%),,25kgN/hm2a(26.3%)[22],NH4NO3100kgN/hm2,-914kgN/hm2,9%14%(Colbourn9835:Harper,1987),Heinemeyer(1988)K15NO3,-,6080%,79,15N-5%,15N-1.1%[24]Mosier(1986)15N--,200kgN/ha,-2.5%1%[35]Myrold(1988),(180kgN/hm2)(90kgN/hm2)-1.70.7kgN/hm2,0.9%0.8%[38]Svensson(1991)-35%-Zhang,etal(1992),15N-15%18%,[54],(1993)1%(1998)15N--0.5%[3],,--,:[1],,,,.[J].,1987,19:289-293.[2].[D].:,1993.[3],.-[A].,.[C].:,1998.48-51.[4]AulakhMS,Rennie,DAandPaulEA.Gaseousnitrogenlossesfromsoils.underZerotillascomparedwithconventional-tillmanagementsystems[J].J.Environ.Qual.,1984,13:130-136.[5]AulakhMS,Rennie,DAandPaulEA.Theinfluenceofplantresiduesanddenitrificationratesinconventionalandzerotilledsoils[J].SoilSci.Soc.Am.J.1984,48:790-794.[6]BremnerJM,McCartyGW.Effectsofterpenoidsonnitrificationinsoil[J].SoilSci.Soc.Am.J.,1988,52:1630-1633.[7]BremnerJM,McCartyGW.Inhibitionofnitrificationinsoilbyalleochemicalsderivedplantsandplantresidues[J].SoilSci.Soc.Am.J.,1991,181-218.[8]ColbournP,IqbalMM,HarperIW.Estimationofthetotalgaseousnitrogenlossesfromclaysoilsunderlaboratoryandfieldconditions[J].Journalofsoilscience,1984,35:11-22.[9]ColbournP,Harper,IW.Denitrificationindrainedandundrainedarablesoils[J].Journalofsoilscience,1987,38:531-539.[10]DarrahPRWhiteREandNyePH.Simultaneousnitrificationanddiffusioninsoil..theeffectsatlevelsofammoniumchloridewhichinhibitnitrification[J].JournalofSoilScience,1986,37:41-52.[11]DancerWS,PetersonLAandChestersG.AmmonificationandnitrificationofNassinfluencedbysoilpHandpreviousNtreatments[J].SoilSci.Amer.Proc.,1973,37:67-69.[12]DeKleinCAM,VanLogtestijnRSP.DenitrificationinthetopsoilofmanagedgrasslandsinTheNetherlan