好氧反硝化菌的研究进展王薇

＊王　薇1　蔡祖聪2　钟文辉3＊＊　王国祥4(1,210097;2,210008;3,210097;4,210097)　　综述了好氧反硝化菌的种类和特性、好氧反硝化菌的反硝化作用机制和影响因素.好氧反硝化菌主要包括假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)、产碱杆菌属(Alcaligenes)、副球菌属(Para-coccus)和芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)等,属好氧或兼性好氧异养微生物.好氧反硝化菌能在好氧条件下进行反硝化,其主要产物是N2O,并可将铵态氮直接转化成气态产物.催化好氧反硝化菌反硝化作用的硝酸盐还原酶是周质酶而不是膜结合酶.溶解氧和C/N往往是影响好氧反硝化菌反硝化作用的主要因素.介绍了间歇曝气法、选择性培养基法等好氧反硝化菌的主要分离筛选方法.概述了好氧反硝化菌在水产养殖、废水生物处理、降解有机污染物以及对土壤氮素损失的影响方面的研究进展.　好氧反硝化菌　作用机制　好氧反硝化酶　溶解氧　1001-9332(2007)11-2618-08　　Q939.9　　AResearchadvancesinaerobicdenitrifiers.WANGWei1,CAIZu-cong2,ZHONGWen-hui3,WANGGuo-xiang4(1CollegeofLifeScience,NanjingNormalUniversity,Nanjing210097,China;2StateKeyLaboratoryofSoilandSustainableAgriculture,InstituteofSoilScience,ChineseAcademyofSciences,Nanjing210008,China;3CollegeofChemistryandEnvironmentalScience,NanjingNormalUniversity,Nanjing210097,China;4CollegeofGeographicalScience,NanjingNormalU-niversity,Nanjing210097,China).-Chin.J.Appl.Ecol.,2007,18(11):2618-2625.Abstract:Thispaperreviewedthevarietiesandcharacteristicsofaerobicdenitrifiers,theiractionmechanisms,andthefactorsaffectingaerobicdenitrification.AerobicdenitrifiersmainlyincludePseudomonas,Alcaligenes,ParacoccusandBacillus,whichareeitheraerobicorfacultativeaerobic,andheterotrophic.Theycandenitrifyunderaerobicconditions,withthemainproductbeingN2O.TheycanalsoconvertNH4+-Ntogasproduct.Thenitratereductasewhichcatalyzesthedenitrifica-tionisperiplasmicnitratereductaseratherthanmembrane-boundnitratereductase.Dissolvedoxy-genconcentrationandC/Nratioarethemainfactorsaffectingaerobicdenitrification.Themainmethodsforscreeningaerobicdenitrifiers,suchasintermittentaerationandselectedculture,werealsointroduced.Theresearchadvancesintheapplicationofaerobicdenitrifiersinaquaculture,wastewaterprocessing,andbio-degradationoforganicpollutants,aswellasthecontributionsofaerobicdenitrifierstosoilnitrogenemissionweresummarized.Keywords:aerobicdenitrifier;actionmechanism;aerobicdenitrifyingenzymes;dissolvedoxygen.＊(40471065)、(055122)、、(705824)(BM2002701).＊＊.E-mail:[e-mail]2006-10-25,2007-08-09.1　　　(aerobicdenitrifier),.,[25],,O2[10].,,O2[11],,NO3-NO2-.2080,Robertson[43]Thiosphaerapantotropha[(Paracoccusdeni-trificans)[27]]、Pseudmonasspp.Alcaligenesfaecalis,[42],　200711　18　11　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　ChineseJournalofAppliedEcology,Nov.2007,18(11):2618-2625DOI:10.13287/j.1001-9332.2007.0433,O2NO3-,.Bell[3],O2.Meiberg[10]HyphomicrobiumX.[7,17,53],O2()[51]..、、、.2　,、.(Pseudomonas)、(Alcaligenes)、(Paracoccus)(Bacillus),、.1.1　Tab.1　AerobicdenitrifiersandtheirsourcesNumberDenitrifierSourceDiscoverytimeReference1Pseudomonasaeruginosa、Oil-contaminatedsoil,groundwater1990[41]PseudomonasPseudomonasnauticalWastewater1991[6]PseudomonasstutzeriTR2Activatedsludge2003[33]PseudomonasstutzeriSU2Pigstieswastewatertreatmentsystem2001[51]PseudomonascarboxydohydrogenaSewagetank1980[31]PseudomonaschloritidismutansAcclimatedsludge2006[29]Pseudomonasspp.Desul-phurisationanddenitrificationsys-tems1988[44]Pseudomonassp.strainK50Activatedsludge2003[33]Pseudomonassp.strainO-3Soil1973[52]2AlcaligenesfaecalisDesul-phurisationanddenitrificationsys-tems1988[44]AlcaligenesAlcaligenesfaecalisNo.4Sewagesludge2005[20]AlcaligenespiechaudiiPaddysediments1999[49]Alcaligenessp.STC1Wastewatertreatmentplant2001[36]3ParacoccusParacoccusdenitrificans,:ThiosphaerapantotrophaDesulphu-risationanddenitrificationsystems1988[44]ThiobacillusversutusSoil1983[15]Paracoccussp.KS2Wastewater2000[39]4BacilluscereusExcretadisposalsystem2005[21]BacillusBacilluslicheniformis2005[21]Bacillussubtilis2005[21]BacillusW2Watersamplesfromponds2005[59]5CitrobacterCitrobacterdiversusSludge2001[18]6HyphomicrobiumHyphomicrobiumsp.XActivatedsludge1980[30]7KlebsiellaKlebsiellapneumoniaeF2522Sewage2002[22]8MesorhizobiumMesorhizobiumsp.strainNH-14Soil2005[35]9RhodococcusRhodococcussp.HNSoil2004[62]10ThiobacillusThiobacillussp.THI051Wastewater2000[39]11ZoogloeaZoogloeastrainTL1ActivatedSludge1997[27]12OtherbacteriaComamonastestosteroniUp-denitrificationfilters1994[38]EnterobacteraerogenesWastewater2000[39]MagnetospirillummagnetotacticumPondwater1975[2]Microvirgulaaerodenitrificansgen.nov.,sp.nov.ActivatedSludge1998[8]NitrosomonaseuropaeaSewagesludge2002[48]OchrobatrumanthropiPaddysediments1999[49]Psychrobacterimmobilis1999[49]RhodospirillumsalinarumSoil2000[39]SphingomonasadhaesivaDrains2000[39]ThaueramechernichensisLeachatetreatmentsystem1999[45]261911　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　:　　　　　　　　3　3.1　4,、、、(1).,NO3-、O2:O2,NO3-、NO2-N2O,(2).,:1)N2O[33],N2N2ONO;2),[25];3)[54];4);5),NO3-、O2[32,55],NO3-O2;6)[57];7)TR2K501　[63]Fig.1　Denitrificationprogressofaerobicdenitrifiers[63].Nar:Nitratereductase;Nir:Nitritereductase;Nor:Nitricoxidereductase;Nos:Nitrousoxidereductase.2　[24-25]Fig.2　Proposedrespirationpathwayofaerobicdenitrifiers[24-25].N2,N2O.3.2　3.2.1(nitratereductase,Nar)　,(periplasmicnitratere-ductase);,(mem-brane-boundnitratereductase).Bell[4]:,,,,;,,.Richardson[40].、,,、.3.2.2(nitritereductase,Nir)　,:cd,cd,[12],1NO,O24.c,dO2.cdNON2O.,Cu,2620　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　18,NO.,Korne[23],.cd,[