好氧颗粒污泥的培养过程

219811120069200971.SBR40mh-1SVI20mLg-1COD98%2.ASM3SBRCODSBR1.53.McCartyASM1C16H24O5N4CH2O(C5H7O2N)H+NH4+HCO3-CO24.5.NUR46.(GPC)(EEM)EPSEPSEPSEPS280/340nm320/400nm7.EPSEPS61%21%18%EPS8.SMPSMPUAP290kDaBAP290-5000kDaBAPBAP(GBAP)BAP(EBAP)9.SMPUAPBAPSMPUAPBAPSMPHKSkBAPYHkUAP3SMPSMP10.EPSSMPXSTO3EPSSMPXSTO(SRT)EPSSMPXSTOEPSSMPXSTO11.EPSSMPNOBNOBUAPEPS12.,SBR13.(UASB)(ANAMMOX)ANAMMOX16SrRNAPCR-DGGE(SBR)Formationprocess,functionmechanismandmathematicalmodelingoftheaerobicgranularsludgeNiBing-JieABSTRACTAerobicgranularsludgeisatypeofmicrobialaggregatethroughself-immobilizationandgranulationofthemicroorganismsinactivatedsludge.Aerobicgranuleusuallyhasregularshape,goodsettlingability,compactstructure,highbiomassretention,anddiversityofmicrobialpopulation.Itensuresahighersubstrateremovalefficiency,lessexcesssludgedisposal,lessareaconsumptionandlowercostsforcapitalconstruction,comparedwithactivatedsludgeflocs.Therefore,thisprocesshasbeenregardedasapromisingwastewatertreatmentsystem.However,aerobicgranulationisaverycomplexphenomenon.Therearenumerousinternalinteractionsamongprocessvariables,suchasgrowth,storage,microbialproductsformationandendogenousrespiration,andsludgecharacteristics,includingbiomassdetachment,oxygentransferanddiffusion.Inthisthesis,theformation,thefunctionmechanismandthemathematicalmodelingofaerobicgranularsludgeweresystematicallyexplored.Thestorageprocessesofaerobicgranulesunderbothaerobicandanoxicconditionswereinvestigated.Theproductionofextracellularpolymericsubstances(EPS)andsolublemicrobialproducts(SMP)inaerobicgranularsludgewerealsoexplored.Furthermore,thisworkwasthefirstattempttocultivateaerobicgranulesonlow-strengthmunicipalwastewaterinapilot-scalesequencingbatchreactor(SBR).Maincontentsandresultsareasfollows:1.AerobicgranulesweresuccessfullycultivatedinSBRsfedwithbothsoybean-processingandfatty-acids-richwastewaters.Basedonexperimentalobservationsandformationmechanismanalysis,theaerobicgranulationprocessintermsofmeanradiusprofileswasquantitativelycharacterized.Inthegranulationprocess,themeandiameterofbioparticlesgraduallyincreased.Theirsettlingvelocityincreasedto40mh-1,whiletheirsludgevolumeindex(SVI)decreasedto20mLg-1.Thechemicaloxygendemand(COD)removalefficiencyincreasedto98%.Thedevelopedmodelisapplicabletodescribingtheaerobicsludgegranulationprocessandsubstratediffusionwithingranulesappropriately.Threephasesinthegranuleformationprocesscouldbeclearlydistinguished:initialexponentialgrowthphase,lineargrowthphaseafterwardsandfinalstablephase.2.Theautotrophicandheterotrophicgrowthandcompetitioninaerobicgranularsludgewereexploredusingabatchexperimentalapproach.TheactivatedsludgemodelNo.3(ASM3)wasmodifiedbasedonexperimentalresultsinordertodescribethesimultaneousautotrophicandheterotrophicgrowthinaerobicgranules.Thedistributionwithingranulesandcompetitionfordissolvedoxygenofautotrophsandheterotrophswereanalyzed.ItwasfoundthatfulloxidationofammoniaandCODbyautotrophsandheterotrophsoccurredwithin1.5h.Theheterotrophsaccountedformajoroxygenconsumptionthantheautotrophs.Theautotrophsweremainlylocatedontheouterlayerofgranules,whereastheheterotrophswerepresentinthecenterofgranules,orontheouterlayerofgranules.3.WiththebioenergeticmethodologyestablishedbyMcCarty,themicrobialyieldwaspredictedandtheoverallstoichiometricsforbiologicalreactionsinvolvingthekeychemicalandbiologicalspeciesinactivatedsludgewereestablished.ThebioenergeticmethodologywasintegratedwithamodifiedactivatedsludgemodelNo.1(ASM1)toformulateanewapproachtoanalyzetheactivatedsludgeprocess,withthetreatmentofsoybean-processingwastewaterasanexample.ThisapproachwasabletoapproximatelydescribethetreatmentofsoybeanwastewaterbyactivatedsludgeintermsoftheconcentrationdynamicsofC16H24O5N4,CH2O,cell(C5H7O2N),H+,NH4+,HCO3-andCO2.4.Theinternalstoragemechanismsandelectronflowsfromtheexternalsubstrateoccurringinaerobicgranulesludgewereexploredwithextensivestorageexperimentsunderdifferentinitialconditions.Thesimultaneousgrowthandstorageprocessesinaerobicgranuleswereaccuratelymodeled.AerobicgranulesinanSBRweresubjectedtoalternativefeastandfamineconditions,andwereabletorapidlytakeupcarbonsubstrateinwastewaterandtostoreitasintracellularstorageproductswhenthesubstratewasinexcess.Afterthedepletionoftheexternalsubstrate,theaccumulatedstoragepolymerwasutilizedforheterotrophicgrowth.5.Theinternalstoragemechanismsinaerobicgranulesludgeunderanoxicconditionswereinvestigatedwithrespirometricexperimentalresults.Hydrolysis,simultaneousanoxicstorageandgrowth,anoxicmaintenance,andendogenousdecaywerefoundtobethemainbioreactionprocessesgoverningtheanoxicstorageintheaerobicgranules.Kineticanalysisofnitrateutilizationrate(NUR)indicatesthattheNURofgranules-baseddenitrificationprocessincludedfourlinearphasesofnitratereduction.Furthermore,themethodologyfordeterminingthemostimportantparameterinanoxicstorage,i.e.,anoxicreductionfactor,wasestablishedbasedonananalysisofanoxicstoragemechanisms.Theperformanceofstorageprocessinagranule-baseddenitrificationsystemwasaccuratelymodeled.6.EPSprodu