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(1):73-792014-02-25DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1145.2014.00073..[1][2].[3].11-13372.0mgd-1[4].CODNH4+-N4.80-12.6kgm-3d-10.217-0.503kgm-3d-1CODNH4+-N[5]...FuquaReceived:2013-03-20Accepted:2013-04-15*KLCAS-2011-02KLCAS-2012-04SupportedbytheOpenFundfromKeyLaboratoryofEnvironmentalandAppliedMicrobiology,ChineseAcademyofSciences(KLCAS-2011-02andKLCAS-2012-04)**Correspondingauthor(E-mail:huangjun@cib.ac.cn)*1,21**1,21,2.COD12.9kgm-3d-190%NH4+-N0.455kgm-3d-180%..COD8.9-10.9kgm-3d-1NH4+-N0.355-0.455kgm-3d-1AI-2CODNH4+-N.AI-2..3231AI-2CLCX172:X703QuorumsensingofaerobicgranularsludgetoleratinghighcarbonandQuorumsensingofaerobicgranularsludgetoleratinghighcarbonandnitrogenloadsnitrogenloads*CHENGuoke1,2,HUANGJun1**,BIJingfang1,2&GUANMenglong1,21KeyLaboratoryofEnvironmentalandAppliedMicrobiology,EnvironmentalMicrobiologyKeyLaboratoryofSichuanProvince,ChengduInstituteofBiology,ChineseAcademyofSciences,Chengdu610041,ChinaUniversityofChineseAcademyofSciences,Beijing100049,ChinaAbstractAbstractInordertoinvestigatethebiologicalmechanismofaerobicgranularsludgetoleratinghighcarbonandnitrogenloads,pollutantsremoval,physicalstructureandthequorumsensingphenomenonofaerobicgranulesindifferentloadconditionswereanalyzedandcompared.Theaerobicgranularsludgeshowedexcellentabilitytoresisthighcarbonandnitrogenloadssimultaneously.TheremovalefficienciesofCODandNH4+-Nwereover90%and80%respectively,whiletheloadingrateswere12.9kgm-3d-1forCODand0.455kgm-3d-1forNH4+-N.Granuleparticlesizedecreasedwithincreasingloads,whichcouldenhancetransferenceofnutrientandoxygeninthegranule.IntheloadphaseofCOD8.9-10.9kgm-3d-1andNH4+-N0.355-0.455kgm-3d-1theAI-2activitywasstrong,resultinginmuchmoreactivecommunicationamongmicroorganisms.Furthermore,excellentCODandNH4+-Nremovalefficiencywasmaintained.TheactivityofAI-2inAGSwasmuchmorethanthatineffluent.Thisresearchshowedthatthequorumsensinginvolvedinaerobicgranularsludgemightplayanimportantroleinenduranceofsimultaneoushighcarbonandnitrogenloads.KeywordsKeywordsaerobicgranularsludge;highcarbonandnitrogenloads;quorumsensing;autoinducer-2;interspecificcommunicationChinJApplEnvironBiol[6].[7-8][9][10-12][13-14].AI-2ZhangXiongAI-2[15-17]....CODNH4+-NAI-2..1.11.1.1.8cm100cm4L.460cm50cm40cm30cm.210cm.ACO-012LZB-6.1.1.215%.1500mL50%CODNH4+-N97%85%.1.1.3.0.9mm.1.21.2.1.12h1min1-10min1min.2L50.0%..1.COD.1.2.2COD5000rmin-16minWTWCR3200PhotoLabS6100MECK.1.2.3100mL30min.1.2.4AI-2AI-2.[18]AI-2.11.0g.20.2g2mL1.0mL2min.3412000g10min0.22μm20.1Table1OperatingconditionsofthereactorOperationstageLoadincreasingphaseRecoveryphaseLoadshockphaseLoadphaseOperationtime(t/d)61223212527188Operationcycle(t/h)1212121212121212Volumetricexchangeratio(r/%)5050505050505050Aerationrate(V/Lmin-1)3.53.53.53.53.53.53.03.5CODCODload(ρ/kgm-3d-1)6.97.98.99.910.912.96.912.9NH4+-NNH4+-Nload(ρ/kgm-3d-1)0.2550.3050.3550.4050.4550.5050.2550.505Settlingtime(t/min)111-55-1010102-55-10θ/23-3323-3324-3422-3220-2816-2110-2210-17pHNaturalpH6.5-8.56.5-8.56.5-8.56.5-8.56.5-8.56.5-8.56.5-8.56.5-8.5[19].AI-2Al-2AI-2AI-2VSS.VSSAI-2Al-2.AT—AI-2mgVSS-1VSS—VSSgL-1CL—AI-2L-1CG—AI-2g-1VL—LMG—gV—L.2.131.114dCOD6.9kgm-3d-1NH4+-N0.255kgm-3d-1COD12.9kgm-3d-1NH4+-N0.505kgm-3d-1.670%CODNH4+-NCODNH4+-N97%85%NO2--NNO3--N..COD95%NH4+-NNH4+-N70%.2.COD6.9kgm-3d-1NH4+-N0.255kgm-3d-115d72%2LCODNH4+-N99%.COD12.9kgm-3d-1NH4+-N0.505kgm-3d-1COD97%NH4+-N90.9%72.5%..1CODNH4+-N.Fig.1RelationshipbetweeninfluentloadsandCODandNH4+-Nremovalefficiencies.2CODNH4+-NNO2--NNO3--NTable2CODandNH4+-Nremovalefficiency,NO2--NandNO3--NconcentrationandgranulationofAGSintheloadincreasingphaseLoadincreasingphaseCODCODremovalefficiency(r/%)979797979792-97NH4+-NNH4+-Nremovalefficiency(r/%)97999082-8677-8766-87NO2-N(ρ/mgL-1)15-250.2-0.50.1-1.51.0-2.00.02-0.10.05NO3--N(ρ/mgL-1)2-71-1.51.50.2-1.71-1.51.2-1.6Percentageofgranule(r/%)65-808372-7881-8675-8472-82ChinJApplEnvironBiol[20].ValCOD3.43kgm-3d-1NH4+-N0.62kgm-3d-1CODNH4+-N90%68%[21].COD12.9kgm-3d-10.505kgm-3NH4+-Nd-1CODNH4+-N90%80%..CODNH4+-NNO2--NNO3--NNO2--NNO3--N20mgL-15mgL-1.C/N.2CODNH4+-N.I-VI(dn).Fig.2EffectofinfluentCODandNH4+-Nloadsongranulesize.I-VI:loadingphase;(dn):daysofreactoroperation;mm:diameterofgranules.[22].[23-25].XiongAI-2[26].V.choleraeQSEPS[27]..CODNH4+-NMoy[1].COD6.0kgm-3d-115.0kgm-3d-12.7mm3.3mm.MoyCCODNH4+-N..VolckeNO2--N[28].[11-12,29-30][31].COD8.9kgm-3d-1NH4+-N0.367kgm-3d-1.3AI-2PhaseAI-2AI-2.AI-2AI-2.AI-2466mgVSS-1AI-240mgVSS-1.[2][28,31].AI-24mgVSS-1CODNH4+-N96%80%.AI-25mgVSS-1.COD12.9kgm-3d-1NH4+-N0.455kgm-3d-1.AI-215mgVSS-1CODNH4+-N99%96%.XiongAI-2[16].ZhangAI-2AI-2[17].AI-2.AI-213AI-2.Fig.3RelationshipbetweenAI-2activitiesandtheinfluentCODandNH4+-Nloads.ChinJApplEnvironBiol