:2014-06-15:(2012QNJJN05):(1977-),,,,,。,,[1]。,,。,65.4%[2]。,,。,,。,,。11.1材料与试剂1.1.1,(:22±2g),。1.1.2(GLOB)、(ALB)、(TP)、(CREA)、(LDH)、(ALKP)、(ALT)、(AST)、(UREA)、(P),;KOH、J&KScientificLTD。1.1.3ICS-1000,GF-2280。1.2试验方法1.2.18。,1,3。。::AS11,:30℃,:10mmol/LKOH,:1.0mL/min,:100μL。1.2.2。(ADI)(、、、),。ADI,李国银,冯小慧,王秋渝(();,010031):针对呼和浩特地区生活饮用水,运用风险评估的方法,从危害识别、危害描述、暴露评估、风险描述4个方面对饮用水中硝酸盐危害因子进行科学的评估,确定其风险商(HQ)为34.4%。同时,开展了硝酸盐危害因子亚急性毒理学试验,结果显示:基于膳食暴露低水平喂药的试验组,碱性磷酸酶(ALKP)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、尿素(UREA)高于对照组,差异极其显著(P<0.01);基于膳食暴露高水平喂药的试验组,球蛋白(GLOB)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、血磷(P)、尿素(UREA)高于对照组,差异极其显著(P<0.01)。:饮用水;硝酸盐;风险评估;毒理学试验;呼和浩特:TU991.21:A10.3969/j.issn.1007-0907.2014.05.004:1007-0907(2014)05-0011-02TheRiskAssessmentonNitrateHazardFactorinDrinkingWaterinHohhotAreaLIGuoyin,FENGXiaohui,WANGQiuyu(QualitySafetyAndRiskAssessmentLaboratoryforAgriculturalProduct,TheMinistryofAgriculture(Hohhot);InstituteofResourcesEnvironmentandTestingTechnology,InnerMongoliaAcademyofAgriculturalandAnimalHusbandryScience,Hohhot010031,China)Abstract:TakingdrinkingwaterinHohhotareaastheresearchobject,usingthemeansofriskassessment,Thehazardidentification,hazarddescription,exposureassessmentandriskdescription,fouraspectsofnitrateinwaterhazardfactorweredescribedtocarryonthescientificevaluation,determinetheriskquotient(HQ)was34.4%.Nitratesubacutetoxicologicalexperimentwascarriedoutatthesametime,theresultsshowedthat:basedonthedietaryexposuretolowdosegroup,alkalinephosphatase(ALKP),lactatedehydrogenase(LDH),aspartateaminotransferase(AST),UREA(UREA)washigherthanthecontrolgroup,andextremelysignificantdifference(P0.01);Basedonthedietaryexposuretohighlevelsofdruggroup,globulin(GLOB),lactatedehydrogenase(LDH),aspartateaminotransferase(AST),alanineaminotransferase(ALT),bloodphosphorus(P),UREA(UREA)washigherthanthecontrolgroup,andextremelysignificantdifference(P0.01).Keywords:Drinkingwater;Nitrate;Riskassessment;Toxicologytests2014(5):11~12InnerMongoliaAgriculturalScienceAndTechnology2/X/mL2~4616.02~4584.04~7940.04~7680.07~111440.07~111084.011~141612.011~141554.014~181684.014~181534.018~301563.018~301168.030~451906.030~451742.045~601814.045~601670.060~701708.060~701760.070~801432.470~801312.5:,n=60。1.2.3,。:、、。、、;、、;,。(EXP):EXP=X×CBW(1):EXP(mg/kg);X,(L);C,(mg/L);BW,(kg)。1.2.4。()。(HQ),:HQ=EXPADI(2):EXP(mg/kg);ADI(mg/kg)。1.2.5:①;②,()。,,10[3]。,10,。,1,21d。21d2h,,。(ALB)、(TP)、(GLOB)、(CREA)、(LDH)、(ALKP)、(ALT)、(AST)、(UREA)、(P)。22.1危害识别4,2,824,,1:1,1924.25~22.45mg/L。2.2危害描述(FAO)(WHO):(ADI)0~3.6mg/kg[4]。2.3暴露评估2.3.11,、、,。。2.3.2、、,,,。2。2.3.3(1),,3。3,0.094~1.240mg/kg。11/(Bw)/kg2~414.062~413.484~718.204~717.617~1125.987~1125.1211~1436.2211~1436.3914~1850.5814~1847.8118~3062.5218~3052.8530~4564.4230~4555.7345~6062.7145~6056.5960~7060.4860~7053.5170~8057.3370~8049.80:———《》[5](19)12No.52.4风险描述(2),(HQ)34.4%。2.5亚急性毒理学试验10,。,1,21d。212h,,,。4。4:,(ALKP)、(LDH)、(AST)、(UREA),(P<0.01);,(GLOB)、(LDH)、(AST)、(ALT)、(P)、(UREA),(p<0.01)。30.094~1.240mg/kg,(HQ)34.4%。:,(ALKP)、(LDH)、(AST)、(UREA),(P<0.01);,(GLOB)、(LDH)、(AST)、(ALT)、(P)、(UREA),(P<0.01)。:[1],.[J].,2003,17(2):26-28.[2],,.[J].,2010,35(8):120-123.[3].[M].:,2006.[4].[J].,2003,(2):1-3.[5].[M].:,2005.()3/(mg/kg)2~40.190.982~40.180.974~70.221.164~70.160.877~110.241.247~110.180.9711~140.191.0011~140.180.9614~180.140.7514~180.140.7218~300.100.5518~300.0940.5030~450.130.6630~450.130.7045~600.120.6545~600.130.6660~700.120.6360~700.140.7470~800.110.570~800.110.594/(mg/kg.bw)0.9412.4ALB/(g/L)34.30±4.6930.60±2.0632.10±2.02TP/(g/L)65.50±3.7266.50±1.1766.30±3.40GLOB/(g/L)31.20±4.2936.10±2.2837.00±2.78**ALKP/(U/L)145.6±20.9185.70±14.07**202.70±8.66LDH/(U/L)1757.5±163.52365.2±192.0**2710.7±289.0**REA/(μmol/L)64.60±3.6965.40±3.9466.60±2.75AST/(U/L)163.60±19.06189.70±11.96**217.70±12.36**ALT/(U/L)70.30±7.2897.00±15.01111.00±7.00**P/(mmol/L)2.37±0.312.65±0.332.92±0.36**UREA/(mmol/L)3.99±0.334.70±0.40**4.92±0.24**:*P0.05,**P0.0121)/kg/(kg/667m2)667m2/%1)/g/g/cm11689.85726.633875.6715.5341.4026.0034.49206.580.782748.183933.6715.4040.2325.2735.15217.640.733691.203838.0015.4741.0727.5734.79214.980.784777.313917.0015.4039.7326.4734.70234.640.8921821.42834.824634.0015.4739.6324.9034.51203.170.362863.884677.3315.6739.2020.0829.89198.600.453830.744742.0015.3339.1325.2033.99200.831.234823.254722.0016.0039.0324.3334.62198.931.4531768.11778.635515.0015.7337.8024.2032.87156.811.242798.485543.0015.3337.5723.7031.09162.441.633778.005573.0015.6037.4323.8832.23158.181.724769.915486.0015.2736.6023.9031.66158.241.90:1)14%。:[1].[J].,1995,16(44):11-15.[2].[J].,1995,16(44):118-124.[3].[J].(C),2011(4):187-187.[4].、、[J].(),2000,21(zl):103-105.[5].13.3t~15.3t[J].(),2000,21(zl):6-10.[6],,,.[J].,2010(12):2143-2153.()(12)5:19