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———、王国祥1 成小英2 濮培民2(1:,210097;2:,210008) 、,、,,,.,.,,,.,,,、、. P343.3 ,.20,,.40,,.20,、,,.,,40,100,,.,、、,,.“”,、、、,.,(、、)、、,,,,,、.,.1,,,、、,、、、、、.1.1,,75%～95%,.Rostherne,,(Chla)[1].1975～1978,Vesijarvi(93%)、0.15mg/L0.05mg/L,[2];Loosdrecht1984,:2001-09-20;:2002-03-10.,,1959,,.143 Vol.14,No.320029 JOURNALOFLAKESCIENCES Sep.,2002,[3].Moses19774～9,8.2m3/s,183d,0.46%,5.8%,、,,1978,1985“”,Chla,TPChla,0.8m1.0～1.8m;,,[4],,1985“”.476km2,65,15,[5].(1972～1997),2515248(1000),;1986,,1997,[6],.,1990,,,,,1991～1997Chla[7].“”,、、,“”、,[8].199911[9],(1999)(1998),,0.149mg/L0.124mg/L,2000,0.175mg/L.1998,199916.07%3.29%,200018.75%6.75%;2000199845%.,,.,(TP0.2mg/L),;(TP0.20mg/L),[10].Sas[11]0.01mg/L,.,“”,、,、,,“”,,,[7].,(),,,,.,,,.Tilman[12],“”“”,,,.,,[7].Cooke[13],,,[14].,,,.、,,,,,、.,,.274 141.2.(),-,,,.200m2:,200m2,-,,,[7].19983,,,Chla.2,,,1998113mg/m3,2000119mg/m3.、,,[15,16].,,,.1.3,、().1991Green181t76.5t,8.6mg/L,(CaCO3)28mg/L,1.9m6.1m,[17].,、、,,,,.MichaelKennedyConsultingEngineers(1985)Liberty,34%、、.,,.2(),,,,,,.1999,、“”,,,,.,.,、、.,,,,.,,,,,.,,、,.,.[18]“”,,,、,,“”.,“”,.33.1、,(Biomanipulation),,[19].,2753 :———、(Piscivores)(Zooplanktivores)(Benthivores),;“”.Shapiro[20]1975,Shapiro(),(),,,,“”.、,,.,,,,.、;“”,,[21,22];,,,[23～26].“”,1985,,“”[22].,“”,,[25～27];,,.,.,,[27].,、,.,[28～30].,,[19,31],,,、,,.,[31],“”(top-down),,“”“”(bottom-up),;、;,;,“”,;,,、、,.,[32,33].,Benndorf[34],,;1995Benndorf[35],、,,,,,.,.3.2,.,,,.,,,,;,,,,,.,,.,[36～44],[45,46],、[47～50].Jeppesen276 14[51],,.,、、.10,,.Shapiro,,,[28,51～55].HosperMeijer,,0.10mg/L[53],[53,54].Hosper[55]-.,[56],.,、,..,,.,,,.,[57,58],.JuppSpence[58]Leven.(Microcystisaeruginosa)[59].,,“”,(,、).,,,,,.,,,,,.,、,,.、,,,.,,.,,,,,.,,[60];[61];[62],、,、.[63],、、.、、.44.1,,2773 :———、[64].TilleyBrown[65],,,,10～100hm2,2.3%～10.8%,1000hm2,0.1%～2.5%.[66],、42%65%,70%65%.“”“,[67]1257m2,,、60%、50%,,.(Ecotone),、[68],、,;,.,、、、.,,(),、.,,,,,.4.210,,,[69～75].10,、、,.,[73,74].,、,[69].,,、,、、,,,.、,、、.,,,.,,,,,、、,、,,.4.3、、19901991,201064×104km,67×104hm2,400×104hm2,、、.,.,、、、、、、、、.“—”,0.1g/(m2·a),、,,.,,95%,.,,278 14,,,.,.[76],,.,“”、“”、、?,.,,,,、、,.[77],,、,、、[78].5,,.,,.,,,,.,,,,,,.,、;,.,,、、.,,“(ecologicalremediation)”“(ecologicalrestoration)”.,,(),、、.,、,,()()(),().,,,,“、”、.、,,,,,,,.,,、、;;,,、.2793 :———、 1 CarvalhoL,BekliogluM,MossB.1995.Changesinadeeplakefollowingsewagediversion-achallengetotheorthodoxyofexternalphos-phoruscontrolasarestorationstrategy?Freshwaterbiology,34(2):399-4102 KairesaloT,LaineS,LuokkanenE,etal.1999.Directandindirectmechanismsbehindsuccessfulbiomanipulation,Hydrobiologia,395/396:99-1063 VanLiereL,ParmaS&GulatiRD.WorkinggroupwaterqualityresearchLoosdrehtLakes:itshistory,structure,researchprogramme,andsomeresults,Hydrobiologia,1992,233:1-94 WelchEB,BarbieroRP,BouchardD,etal.Laketrophicstatechangeandconstantalgalcompositionfollowingdilutionanddiversion.Eco-logicalEngineering,1992,1:173-1975 ,, ..-.,1997,9(2):159-1676 ..,2001-07-137 ,..,1999,20(2):71-748 ,,.1998.().,1998,10(1):90～969 ,.“”.,2001-07-2710 SeipKL.Phoshporusandnitrogenlimitationofalgalbiomassacrosstrophicgradients.AquaticSciences,1994,56(1):16-2811 SasH.Lakerestorationbyreductionbyreductionofnutrientloading:expectations,experiences,extrapolations.AcademicVerlagRicharz.St.Augustin,198912 TilmanD,KilhamKL&KilhamP.Phytoplanktoncommunityecology:Theroleoflimitingnutrients.AnnRevEcolSyst,1982,13:349-37213 CookeGD.AdvancedTreatmentandDiversionofWastewaterStormwaterinLakeandReservoirRestoration.ButterworthBoston,MA,198614 MossB,StersfieldJ,IrvineK.DevelopmantofDaphnidcommunitiesinDiatomandCyanophyteDominatedlakesandtheirRelevancetolakeRestorationbyBiomanipulation.JAppliedEcology,1991,28:586-60215 VanderDoesJ,VerstraelenP,BoersP,etal.Lakerestorationwithandwithoutdredgingofphosphorus-enricheduppersedimentlayers.Hydrobiologia,1992,233:197-21016 PUPeimin,WANGGuoxiang,HUChunhua,etal.Canwecontrolthelakeeutrophicationbydredging.EighthInternationalSymposiumontheInteractionsbetweenSedimentsandWater.September13-17,1999,Beijing17 JacobyJM,GibbonsHL,StoopsKB.Responseofashallow,polymicticlaketobufferedalumtreatment.LakeReservoirManage,1994,10(2):103-11218 ,,..:..:,1998:188-20119 PerrowMR,MeijerM,DawidowiczP,etal.Biomanipulationinshallowlake:stateoftheart.Hydrobiologia,1997,342/343:355-36520 ShapiroJ,LamarraV,LynchM.Biomanipulation:anecosystemapproachtolakerestoration.In:BrezonikDL,FoxJLeds.WaterQual-ityManagementthroughBiologicalWays.Gainesville:UniversityPressofFlorida,1975:85-9621 XiePing.ExperimentalStudiesontheRoleofPlanktivorousFishesintheEliminationofMicrocystisBloomfromDonghuLakeUsingEn-clusureMethod.ChinJOceanolLimnol,1994,14(3):193-20422 , ..,1999,8(3):312-31923 SmithDW.Biologicalcontrolofexcessivephytoplanktongrowthandtheenhancementofaquaculturalproduction.CanJFishAquatSci,1985,42:1940-194524 DeppeT,OckenfeldK,MeybohmA,etal.ReductionofMicrocystisbloominahypertrophicreservoirbyacombinedecotechnologicalstrat-egy.Hydrobiologia,1999,40