湖库生态安全综合评估的方法探析毛锋

(),45,2,20093ActaScientiarumNaturaliumUniversitatisPekinensis,Vol.45,No.2(Mar.2009):2008-03-19;:2008-05-23湖库生态安全综合评估的方法探析毛锋­李晓阳张安地朱高洪,,100871;­E-mail:[e-mail],,,;;;P343ResearchonComprehensiveAssessmentMethodsforEcologicalSecurityofLakesandReservoirsMAOFeng­,LIXiaoyang,ZHANGAndi,ZHUGaohongChinaCenterforSustainableDevelopmentResearch,CollegeofEnvironmentalScienceandEngineering,PekingUniversity,Beijing100871;­E-mail:[e-mail]heecosystemoflakesandreservoirs,basedontheassessmentofpressureofhumanactivities,theecologicalhealthofthelakeandtheservicefunctionsofthelake,amethodsystemofcomprehensiveassessmentofecologicalsecurityisproposedthroughrigoroustheoreticalderivationandmodelconstruction.Subsequently,therationalityandreliabilityofthismethodsystemareconfirmedbytheassessmentofecologicalsecurityofTaihuLakeinChina.Keywordslakesandreservoirs;ecologicalsecurity;comprehensiveandquantitativeassessment;TaihuLake1111(IASA)1989(ecologicalsecurity)[1],,,,,,,[2][3],,,[4],,[5][6],,,,,,,,112,;,,327DOI10.13209/j.0479-8023.2009.049,:,;,,2,,,4[7],,Luijten[8]GIS,SWBM(spatialwaterbudgetmodel);Silvia[9]P,,;Wataru[10]CASM(comprehensiveaquaticsystemsmodel),,,[11]-PSR,[12]PSR,[13],[14],[15]--,[16];[17]DSR(--),(),,3,,,,,,,,,1,,,/0/0,22:1)(P)(H)(S),,,:,,;,,;,,,2)(F1)(F2),,/328()451Fig11SketchfortheecologicalsecurityassessmentoflakesandreservoirsF1;F2;F32Fig12Technicalrouteforcomprehensiveecologicalsecurityassessmentoflakesandreservoirs0,,,,3)(F3),,,,,,:F3=F1#F2=(PPH)#(SPH),(F3)(P)(S),(H)4411,,,,COD(),TP(),TN()M4,M,4124,,3292:412111)(P)P=E4i=1Wi#Pi;Pi=Ai+Biln(LiPV)Ai=-10ln(LiminPV)ln(LimaxPV)-ln(LiminPV);Bi=101ln(LimaxPV)-ln(LiminPV):iCOD,TP,TNM4,Wii,AiBi,Lii(t),V(m3);LimaxLi,LiminLiP,2)(H)H=E4i=1Wi#Hi;Hi=Ai-Biln(CHi)Ai=101+ln(CHimin)ln(CHimax)-ln(CHimin);Bi=101ln(CHimax)-ln(CHimin):CHii(mgPL),CHimaxCHi(mgPL),CHiminCHi(mgPL);H,3)(S)S=E4i=1Wi#Si;Si=Ai-Biln(CSi)Ai=101+ln(CSimin)ln(CSimax)-ln(CSimin);Bi=101ln(CSimax)-ln(CSimin):CSii(ÒÕ);CSimaxCSi,CSiminCSi;S,41212,:1);2)/0,AHP-PCA(-)[18]41213,P,HS,,010,TN,TPCOD3,35(P)30,;(H)/0[19];(S)56(GB3838)2002)[20]Ñ)Õ1)31(P)Table1ClassificationstandardsofPressureIndex(P)P2175412751716192102(H)Table2ClassificationstandardsofHealthIndex(H)H1171516861708108103(S)Table3ClassificationstandardsofServiceIndex(S)S115531044187618710P,HS3,F1,F2F3,F1[0,11],F1=0,F1=11;F2[0,11],F2=0,F2=11;F3[0,20],F3=0,F3=203,F1,F2F34A)E55,(F3),330()454(F1)(F2)(F3)Table4ClassificationstandardsofHumanStressIndex(F1),DemandServicesIndex(F2)andEcologicalSecurityIndex(F3)(F1)013401641100410511(F2)011901450186410211(F3)0106012901861613205,2007,Chla(a)NH3-N,NH3-NM2007(P),200056(GB3838-2002),(S)Ó,5,2007(P)(H)(S)/0/0/0,,,(F1)(F2)/0,,(F3)/0,/0,D,,,6,,1)(P)(H)(S);,(F1)(F2),(F3),2),,,P,HS3,,,3),4,(Ai,Bi),,;,52007Table5ResultsoftheecologicalsecurityassessmentofTaihuLakein2007LiPtAiBiPCHiP(mg#L-1)AiBiHCSiP(mg#L-1)AiBiSF1F2F3COD0125013311214-6110317941508131214420191694181TP012531226171121482171718301100156116231410105-315321944147213011313101TN0125739171133116212821804155116911041063169NH3-N01240305311721183115019111503169110312321943312:[1],..:,2003:18[2],..:,2007,36(3):36-42[3]..:,2007,28(3):200-206[4],,..,2002,13(3):354-358[5],,..,2007,3:11-14[6].))).,2001(1):54-56[7],,..,2006,25(1):74-78[8]LuijtenJC,KnappEB,JonesJW.Atoolforcommunity-basedassessmentoftheimplicationsofdevelopmentonwatersecurityinhillsidewatersheds.AgriculturalSystems,2001,70:603-622[9]FocardiS,CorsiI,MazzuoliS,etal.Integratingremotesensingapproachwithpollutionmonitoringtoolsforaquaticecosystemriskassessmentandmanagement:AcasestudyofLakeVictoria(Uganda).EnvironmentalMonitoringandAssessment,2006,122(1-3):275-287[10]NaitoW,MiyamotoK,NakanishiJ,etal.ApplicationofanecosystemmodelforaquaticecologicalriskassessmentofchemicalsforaJapaneselake.WaterResearch,2002,36:1-14[11],,,..,2007,21(4):93-97[12],..,2007,2:60-61[13]..,2006,26(6):1062-1066[14],..:,2007,2(3):1-6[15],,,..,2006,17(12):2426-2430[16],..,2004,4(4):58-60[17],,,..,2006,28(16):15-18[18],,..:,2004:62-67[19]..:,2007:16-18[20].GB3838-2002.:,2002332()45