搜索
20079()Sep12007283JournalofZhengzhouUniversity(EngineeringScience)Vol128No13;5(63),,,,:1671-6833(2007)03-0061-041,1,1,2(1.,450001;2.,450052):MgSO47H2ONa2HPO412H2O,,.:pHn(Mg2+)n(NH+4)n(PO3-4)n(NH+4),,,99102%.:;;:X703:A0,,[1],,.,(MgNH4PO46H2O).,,,,[2],,.,,,.11.1:(DBJ2621,);(721,);(HI98107,).,1475mg/L.,.1.23,:;2,,pHn(PO3-4)n(NH+4)n(Mg2+)n(NH+4);312,,,.200mL,,,4mol/LNaOH4mol/LHClpH,,,,,,,P.:(1)[3];(2)[3].22.12.1.1:pH=911,n(Mg2+)n(PO3-4)n(NH+4)=111,10min,150r/min,30min,,1.1,MgCl2NaH2PO4MgSO4NaH2PO4,pH911,HPO-H+HPO-[4],:2007-04-02:2007-0-10:19-.124462()2007MgHPO4,pH,HO-MgHPO4MgNH4PO4.MgOH3PO442124%,H3PO4H+HPO2-4[4],MgOH+,pH,MgO,Mg2+,.MgCl2Na2HPO4MgSO4Na2HPO4,,MgSO4Na2HPO4.1Tab.1Effectofdifferentprecipitatoronammonianitrogenremoval/(mgL-1)/%1MgCl2Na2HPO443370.642MgCl2NaH2PO413339.633MgSO4Na2HPO441771.734MgSO4NaH2PO4128213.085MgOH3PO4MgO85242.24:1475mg/L2.1.2n(Mg2+)n(PO3-4)n(NH+4)111,pH911,Na2HPO4MgSO4,150r/min,5101520min,2;12,100150200r/min,3.23,10min,,10min.100r/min,7513%.,,,,,.,MSONO,,,2Tab.2Effectofdifferentstirredtimeonammonianitrogenremoval/min/(mgL-1)/(mgL-1)/%5147543270.7110147541771.7315147541571.8620147541471.933Tab.3Effectofdifferentstirredrateonammonianitrogenremoval/(rmin-1)/(mgL-1)/(mgL-1)/%100147536475.30150147541771.73200147547367.902.2,[4-11],n(Mg2+)n(NH+4)n(PO3-4)n(NH+4)pH,43.4.,pHn(Mg2+)n(NH+4)n(PO3-4)n(NH+4).2.32.3.1pH4n(Mg2+)n(PO3-4)n(NH+4)111,MgSO4,,pH8158199139171011101510191113,Na2HPO4,1.:pH.pH1015,pH;pH1015,pH;pH1011,pH;pH=1011,,pH,.,,M3(O)(KS=185,5)[],=1g4a2HP410min100r/min.gP42P910-2212.pH101.3634Tab.4ResultsoforthogonalexperimentsforammonianitrogenremovalpH/(mgL-1)n(Mg2+)n(NH+4)n(PO3-4)n(NH+4)/(mgL-1)/%185051.00.832835.052814751.31.170152.503819131.61.469263.8049.55051.31.47684.9559.514751.60.840472.6069.519131.01.140378.907115051.61.13892.5081114751.01.455662.3091119131.30.840778.70K1151.3212.5176.25186.35K2236.4187.4216.15223.9K3233.5221.4228.9211.05k150.4570.8358.7562.12k278.8262.4772.0574.63k377.8373.876.370.35R28.3711.3317.5512.51:Kii(i=1,2,3);kiKi/3(i=1,2,3);Rki1pHFig.1EffectofpHonammonianitrogenremoval2.3.2MgSO47H2O1,n(PO3-4)n(NH+4)=11,pH=1011,MgSO47H2O,5.5,pH,90%,MgSO47H2O,,,.n(Mg2+)n(N+)=1,,,5MgSO47H2OTab.5EffectofthequantityofMgSO47H2Oonammonianitrogenremoval%n(Mg2+)n(NH+4)1.01.11.21.31.41.591.695.1695.597.1597.1895.7880.9784.9585.1687.3189.8786.232.3.3Na2HPO412H2O15,n(Mg2+)n(NH+4)=1141MgSO47H2O,pH1011,Na2HPO412H2O,6.6:Na2HPO412H2O,,n(PO3-4)n(NH+4)110,.,n(PO3-4)n(NH+4)110Na2HPO412H2O.Na2HPO412H2O,,,,(O3)(N+)=13H414.nP-4nH409.2..464()20076Na2HPO412H2OTab.6EffectofthequantityofNa2HPO412H2Oonammonianitrogenremoval%n(PO3-4)n(NH+4)0.80.91.01.11.21.389.8995.9897.1898.3998.4298.4597.3396.8489.8786.9780.8972.87:n(Mg2+)n(PO3-4)n(NH+4)=114019110,pH=1011,10min,100r/min,30min.,1475mg/L60mg/L,95%.2.4,((NH4)2CO3(NH4)2SO4).7,,93%,,.,.7Tab.7Resultsofartificalwastewaterexperiment/(mgL-1)pHn(Mg2+)n(PO3-4)n(NH+4)/(mgL-1)/%/%1475.010.11.40.91.059.3095.9896.841743.210.11.21.01.017.0499.0299.781478.910.11.21.11.099.1793.2997.351703.610.51.21.01.023.5098.6299.863(1),MgSO47H2ONa2HPO412H2O,,:pHn(Mg2+)n(NH+4)n(PO3-4)n(NH+4).(2),:n(Mg2+)n(PO3-4)n(NH+4)=114019110,pH=1011,10min,100r/min,30min.(3)4,,,90%.:[1].[J].,1999(1):14-15.[2]STRATFULI,SCRIMSHAWMD,NLESTERJ.Con2ditionsinfluencingtheprecipitationofmagnesiumam2moniumphosphate[J].Wat.Res.,2001,35(17):4191-41991[3](3)[M],8[],[J].,1999,27(3):38-41.[5],.[J].,1999,20(5):90-92.[6],.[J].,2002,25(5):34-35.[7]CHIMENOSAJM,FERN#NDEZAAI,VILLALBAAG,etal.Removalofammoniumandphosphatesfromwastewaterresultingfromtheprocessofcochinealex2tractionusingMgO2containingby2product[J].Wat.Res.,2003,37:1601-1607.[8]LIXZ,ZHAOQL,HAOXD.Ammoniumremovalfromlandlillleachatebychemicalprecipitation[J].WasteManagement,1999,19:409-4151[9]OLCAYTnay,ISIKK,PERINO,etal.Ammoniaremovalmagnesiumammoniumphosphateprecipitationinindustrialwastewater[J].Wat.Sci.Tech.,1997,36(2-3):225-228.[10],,.[J].,2004,24(5):313-316.[11],,,.[J].,2003,23(10):34-36.[12],.[J].,33(5)6(86)..:199.4..2002:4-.86()2007[5],.[M].:,2004.35.[6],,.EMC[J].(),2003,24(1):58-62.ANovelControlCircuitBasedontheSingle-stageElectronicBallastGAOJin-feng,ZHOUCheng-hu(SchoolofElectricalEngineering,ZhengzhouUniversity,Zhengzhou450001,China)Abstract:Basedontheintegrationofahalf-bridgeresonantinverterandaBuck∃Boostactivepower-fac2tor-correctionconverter,asingle-stageelectronicballastforfluorescentlampsswitchnotonlyhadtowith2standthemaximumvoltageofbothofthem,butalsohadtowithstandthehighcurrentsofinputandoutputsta2ges.Forthisreason,ahighqualitycontrolcircuitisimperative.Inthispaper,wepresentedanewcontrolcir2cuit,whichroseandfellfasterandcouldfalltozero.Integratedwiththiscontrolcircuit,theMOSswitchcouldperformlongeranditsturn2onandturn2offtimesandswitchinglossescouldreduced.Theballastseffectandpower-factorwouldincreaseupto91%andbeyond0.99respectively.Keywords:electronicballast;controlcircuit;MOSswitchdissipation;highpowerfactor;self-oscillatingcon2trol(64)TreatmentofAmmoniaNitrogenWastewaterwithHighConcentrationbyChemicalPrecipitati