化学沉淀微滤处理含铅废水高永

:1007-8924(2005)05-0040-05化学沉淀-微滤处理含铅废水高　永　董亚玲　顾　平(,300072)　:采用化学沉淀-微滤膜工艺处理铅蓄电池生产废水,分别以氢氧化钠、石灰浆为沉淀剂,进行了两个阶段的运行试验,并结合烧杯试验对反应器混合液污泥特性以及膜比通量的影响因素进行了研究.试验结果表明,以石灰乳为沉淀剂时,原水SO42-的浓度波动,会引起混合液污泥浓度的变化;铁盐可以改善MLSS的过滤性能,提高膜通量;水温对膜比通量有较大影响,水温每升高1℃,膜比通量约增加2.42%.:化学沉淀;微滤;膜比通量;铅;硫酸根;混合液污泥特性:X703;TU991　　:A　　,、,,.-,,、、、(HRT)、、、.,,,.,..[1,2],[3].,(MLSS).1　试验方法1.1　1.1.1　(1),SC656;(2),Autoscienceap02p(1).1　Fig.1　Schematicoftheplanarmembranefilterwithvacuumpump1.1.2　-2.　　　2　-Fig.2　Schematicofthechemicalprecipitation-microfiltrationprocess:2004-03-21;:2005-05-11:　(1969-),,,,.25　5　　　　　Vol.25　No.5200510MEMBRANESCIENCEANDTECHNOLOGYOct.2005DOI:10.16159/j.cnki.issn1007-8924.2005.05.00910.2L,3.2L.(PVDF),0.22μm,0.72m2,4.21L/(m2·h·kPa).(PLC).,,,pH8.,,,.1.2　(1)、,180-80;(2)MLSS,AB104-S;(3)SO42-,600;(4)X,D/Max-2500X;(5)MLSS,Mastersizer2000.1.3　.:3.3～22.0NTU;pH1～2;2.2～7.0mg/L;3.1～7.5mg/L;SO42-150～4000mg/L.,MLSSMLSS,、.1.3.1　Pb(NO3)2、、FeCl3·6H2O、,NaOHpH(8.0),,.(0.078MPa),MLSS0.22μm,5cm,MLSS,MLSS.1.3.2　,NaOH,42d,12,1596.8L,24h,1.28L,1247.5;,43d,10,1401.6L,1.6L,876.2　结果与讨论2.1　MLSS2.1.1　SO42-MLSS,,SO42-MLSS.,,(SO42-50mg/L),、SO42-MLSS,1.,MLSS,;,;SO42-()SO42-(50mg/L),43,SO42-.表1　自来水运行各阶段的监测结果Table1　ResultsofoperationaltestwithtapwaterMLSS/(g·L-1)/(mg·L-1)SO42-/(mg·L-1)13.30.0121780126.10.1161613273.30.0901400433.30.076250,,SO42-.Ca2+SO42-CaSO4,Ca2++SO42-CaSO4↑,CaSO4,MLSS.SO42-MLSS,XMLSS.3、4.3,,CaSO4·0.5H2O,80%,Fe2O3,Fe(OH)3;4,,CaCO3,PbO2FeO(OH).,CaSO4.,SO42-(180～240),Ca2+SO42-　5　:-·41　　　·　3　MLSSXFig.3　X-diffractionspectrumofMLSSafterrun24　MLSSXFig.4　X-diffractionspectrumofMLSSafterthetapwaterrunCaSO4,CaSO4,MLSS.CaSO4,.2.1.2　MLSS,MLSSMLSS,,、MLSS.D43,D43.(Span),(1).Span=d(0.9)-d(0.1)d(0.5)(1)　　(1)NaOH,,MLSS0.22μm,5cm,MLSS,MLSS,25.表2　沉淀剂对MLSS特性的影响Table2　EffectofprecipitatingreagentsoncharactersofMLSSMLSSpH/(L·h-1)D43/μmSpanNaOH8.313.534.411.288.33.7232.342.01　　:[Pb2+]=10mg/L;[SO42-]=5000mg/L;[Fe3+]=10mg/L.5　Fig.5　EffectofprecipitatingreagentsongranularityofMLSS25,NaOH,8～96μm,,,1～152μm,,,,NaOHMLSS..(2)MLSSMLSS,.,Fe(OH)3,Fe(OH)3,MLSS,.36.3,.6,,MLSS6μm,MLSS.Span,MLSS,.(3)MLSS2、35(b)、6(b),,3000mg/L5000mg/L,MLSS　·42　　　·　　　　　25　　　　　表3　铁盐对反应器MLSS的粒度分布及过滤特性的影响Table3　EffectofferricongranularityandfilterabilityofMLSSMLSSpH/(L·h-1)D43/μmSpan[Pb2+]=10mg/L[SO42-]=3000mg/L8.35.3428.781.45[Pb2+]=10mg/L[SO42-]=3000mg/L[Fe3+]=10mg/L8.38.3128.111.32　　:.6　Fig.6　EffectofferricongranularityofMLSS(Span1.322.01),,,.,,,,,.2.2　(SF),SF、,(2).SF=QA·ΔH(2),SF,L/(m2·h·kPa);Q,L/h;ΔH,kPa;A,m2.2.2.1　SF,,,SF.,1℃,SF1%～2%[5].(15kPa),SF,7.,10℃39℃,SF3.12L/(m2·h·kPa)6.48L/(m2·h·kPa).20℃SF,1℃,SF　　　7　Fig.7　Relationshipbetweenthespecificfluxandwatertemperature2.93%.,20℃SF,1℃,SF2.42%..SF,SF(3)20℃SF[6].J20=Jte-0.024(t-20)(3),J2020℃SF;JttSF.2.2.2　MLSSSFMLSS.,MLSS,、(,).8(a),NaOH,SFMLSS　　　8　MLSSSFFig.8　RelationshipbetweenMLSSandSFinoperationaltest　5　:-·43　　　·　,.,MLSS,.MLSS(1g/L),SF,,484,SF3L/(m2·h·kPa).8(b),,SF,126,SF1.5L/(m2·h·kPa).,,SO42-MLSS,SF.3　结论-,SO42-、.,SO42-,MLSSCaSO4,MLSS.CaSO4,.,SO42-.MLSS,SF.SF,,1℃,SF2.42%.[1]McDonaghRM,FaneAG,FellCJD,etal.Theinflu-enceofpolydispersityonthehydraulicbehaviourofcol-loidalfoulinglayersonmembranes:Perturbationsonthebehaviourofthe“ideal”colloidallayer[J].CollSurfA:PhysicochemEngAsp,1998,138:231.[2]MeagherL,KlauberC,PashleyRM.Theinfluenceofsurfaceforcesonthefoulingofpolypropylenemicrofiltra-tionmembranes[J].CollSurfA:PhysicochemEngAsp,1996,106:63.[3]CarrollT.Theeffectofcakeandfibrepropertiesonfluxdeclinesinhollow-fibremicrofiltrationmembranes[J].JMembrSci,2001,189:167-178.[4]　.[M].:,1994.15-50.[5]MagaraY,ItohM.Microbiologicalandchemicalinvestiga-tioninahollowfibermembranereactor[J].WatSciTech-nol,1991,23:1583.[6]BraghettaA,JacangeloJG.DAFpretreatment:itseffectonMFperformance[J].JAWWA,1997,89(10):90-101.Chemicalprecipitation-microfiltrationprocessfortreatmentofwastewatercontainingleadGAOYong,DONGYaling,GUPing(SchoolofEnvironmentalScienceandEngineering,TianjinUniversity,Tianjin300072,China)Abstract:Chemicalprecipitation-microfiltrationprocesswasusedtotreatthewastewatercontainingleadfromstoragebatteryfactories.Sodiumhydroxideandlimewereadoptedasprecipitatingreagentsrespectively,twostagesoperationaltestswereconducted.Thefactorsthatinfluencingonthecharactersofmixedliquorsuspendedsolid(MLSS)andonspecificfluxofthemembranereactorwereresearched.Theresultsshowedthatwhenlimewasadoptedasprecipitatingreagent,thewaveoftheconcentrationofSO42-ininfluentcouldinducethechangeofMLSSconcentration;thepresenceofferriccouldimprovethefilterabilityofMLSS;andwhenthetempera-tureofinfluentincreased1centigradedegree,thespecificfluxofmembraneincreased2.42percent.Keywords:chemicalprecipitation;microfiltration(MF);specificflux(SF);lead;sulfate;MLSScharacters　·44　　　·　　　　　25