环境公益诉讼的性质和种类从对公益的解剖入手

:2009-04-01:,,。＊“”。环境公益诉讼的性质和种类＊———从对“公益”的解剖入手吕　霞(,100872)　。。,。,。,。。,。。。,;,、。　;;　DF46;X197　　　　A　　　　1002-2104(2009)03-0054-06　　　　　,,。,。,,“”,,。,,。。,,。,。,,,[1],,[2]。,,。。1　两类“公益”,两种性质,,。:“,,。,,,;,。”[3],,,,,,;。,,,。,?,,,,,,。、、、,。,,。,。,,[4]。·54··　2009　19　3　　CHINAPOPULATION,RESOURCESANDENVIRONMENT　Vol.19　No.3　2009,,()。(),,,,。,。,()。1990625。,,,。[5]。,,。“”,。,。,。“”,。,。,,《,》,;,。,,“”[6]。。“”,。。。,,,。,。,,。,。,,,。,,,“”。,。,“”。,。,,,、;,。,,,,“,”,,。,。,。,,。。。,、,,,“”。“”“”。“”,“”“”。、、、、、、“”,,。、“”,,、。、,,,。。,。,。,,。,,,,“”;,,,。,。,。,“”,。,。,,,,,。78780·55·　:,104331、4300、12000[7],。、,,。,,[8]。2　环境诉讼与环境公益诉讼“”,,。,,,。,,,。,。“”。,“”“”[8]。226-237“”。,“”“”。,,;,,。1997《》。。。。,。,、、,。《》“”,[9]。,,。“”[9]。,,。,,。[10]。,,,,。。:“,,。———,`'(lawofnuisance),,,,,()、,,。”[11],“”,“”“”。“”,“”“”。、、,。,,。。:“,,。,:;、。,。”[12],,,;,,。,,,,。《》[11],、,[12]·56··　2009　3、、、[13],[8],,,。,,。,。“”“”,。,。,,、。,,。?,。“”。,。,,。,,。,,,,,。,。。,,,,、,,。,,。,,,,。,。“”,“”。。,,;。“”,,。3　支持起诉的国家利益和私人权利理论,。、,、、、、,。。,,。,,,,。,,“”,“”,“”“”[5]。[3]。。,,。,,。,,。,。,?。“”。。,,。、,,。《》[2],。,。、、。,,[8],·57·　:。,,[8]。,,。,。,,,。《》、,[15]。“”,。《》35,,。,。。,[16]。。,,。,,。,。,。、,,,。,,。,,,。“”“”,,,,,,。“”。,,,。,,,。,,。()。。,,。。。,,。,。,。。“”。[4]、。“”[17]。(编辑:李　琪)(References)[1].[A].:,()[C].:,2006.291.[ChenDong.TheCitizenSuitoftheFederalEnvironmentalStatuesintheU.S.A[A].In:XuXiangmin,ChinaEnvironmentalandNaturalResourcesLawReview(Volume1)[C].Beijing:ChinaUniversityofPoliticalScienceandLawPress,2006.291.][2].[A].:,[C].,2007.331.[QinTianbao.ReviewontheAdministrativeLitigationofEnvironmentinGermany[A].In:ZhangZitai,Cutting-edgeIssuesResearchontheEnvironmentalDisputeResolution[C].TsinghuaUniversityPress,2001.331.][3].[J].,2004,(12).[ZhangJianwei.OnthePublicInterestEnvironmentalLitigationSystem[J].JournalofHohaiUniversiy,2004,(12).][4].[J].·58··　2009　3,2008,(1).[FengYong.HowtoUnderstandtheConnotationofthePublicInterestAdministrativeLitigation[J].JournalofthePartySchoolfortheDepartmentsDirectlyunderShanxiProvincialCommitteeoftheCPC,2008,(1).][5].,()[M].:,2001.[LiangHuixing,etal.onthePublicInterestLitigation,ResearchonthePrivateLaw(Volume1)[M].Beijing:ChinaUniversityofPoliticalScienceandLawPress,2001.][6].———[J].,2008,(2).[SongYuwen.OntheNecessityofthePublicInterestAdministrativeLitigation—theConsiderationontheCaseofLawPhDStudentProceedingagainsttheStateAdministrationofRadioFilmandTelevision[J].LawandSocialDevelopment,2008,(2).][7].———[A].,[C].:,2002.269～273.[HanXiang.TheDifficultLitigationofAirPollution—CaseofHanXiangsuingJinfengCopperIndustryLimitedCompany[A].WangCanfa,TheTheoryandPracticeofEnvironmentalConflictResolution[C].Beijing:ChinaUniversityofPoliticalScienceandLawPress,2002.269～273.][8][].———[A].,[C].:,2002.[MasazumiHarada.StatusofVictim'sHealthfromthePublicHazardinJapan—theRelationbetweenInvestigationMethodandTrial[A].WangCanfa,theTheoryandPracticeofEnvironmentalConflictResolution[C].Beijing:ChinaUniversityofPoliticalScienceandLawPress,2002.][9].1540.[UnitedStatesCode.1540][10][]·R·.[M].:,2004.2.[VincentRJohnson.UnitedStatesTortLaw[M].Beijing:RenminUniversityofChinaPress,2004.2.[11].[M].:,2001.[WangMingyuan.LegalSystemforEnvironmentalTortsRemedy[M].Beijing:ChinaLegalPublishingHouse,2001.][12].[M].:,2005.[LengLuosheng.JapanPublicHazardLitigationTheoryandCaseAnalysis[M].Shanghai:theCommercialPress,2005.][13].[M].:,2000.[CaoMingde.LawofEnvironmentalTorts[M].Beijing:LawPress,2000][14],.[A].:,[C].:,2007.149～153.[YangLixin,ZhangBuhong.OnthePublicInterestAdministrativeLitigation[A].In:BieTao,PublicInterestEnvironmentalLitigation[C].Beijing:LawPress,2007.149～153.][15].[A].:,[C].:,2007.313.[DengSiqing.OntheCivilPublicProsecutionofProsecutorialAuthority[A].In:BieTao,PublicInterestEnvironmentalLitigation[C].Beijing:LawPress,2007.313.][16],.[A].:,[C].:,2007.295～309.[JiangWei,DuanHouxing.OntheCivilPublicProsecutionLitigatedbyProsecutorialAuthority[A].In:BieTao,PublicInterestEnvironmentalLitigation[C].Beijing:LawPress,2007.295～309.][17].52.[ConstitutionofthePortugueseRepublic.52]ThePropertyandCategoryofPublicInterestEnvironmentalLitigation:OntheAnatomyofthePublicInterestLVXia(SchoolofLaw,RenminUniversityofChina,Beijing100872,China)Abstract　Thepublicinterestcouldbeclassfiedasgrouppublicinterestandsocialorcollectivepublicinterestbysubjectsofthepublicinterestlitigation.Theformercanbetreatedastheinterestoftheindividuals,whilethelatterrepresentstheinterestofthesocietyatlargewhich,beingformedbythecollectiveinterest,couldnotdividedbyindividuals.Representativeswhoinvokepublicinterestinenvironmentallawdisputesdosoineitheroftwocapacities.Firstly,suchrepresentativecansueonbehalfofaclassofvictims,whichmaybecalledpublicinterestenvironmentallitigation.Thesecondtypeiswheretherepresentativesuesonbehalfofasocietyasawhole,whichmaybecalledenvironmentallitigation.Bothofthemhavetheirowntheoreticalfoundationrespectively.Ontheonehand,thispaperarguesthattheformerinstanceisinfactprivateinterestlitigationortortactionbecauseitisbasedontheenforcementofprivaterightsofaclosedgroup.Ontheotherhand,anactiononbehalfofasocietyistrulybasedonpublicinterestasitaimsatnationalorhumancommoninterest.Keywords　pu