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Module4GreatScientists第一板块重点单词1.supportvt.&n.支持;拥护;支撑;供养(1)supportsb.insth.在某方面支持某人supportafamily/oneself养家糊口/自力更生(2)cometoone’ssupport来支持某人withsb.’ssupport在某人的支持下insupportof支持;拥护【即时训练】单句语法填空①Residentialbuildingsmustmaintainanatmospherethat________(support)theacademicmissionoftheUniversity.②Thegraphhasatitle,amainidea,and__________(support)details.supportssupporting完成句子③Ascientistmustproduceevidence____________histheory.科学家必须提出论据以支持其理论。insupportof2.quantityn.数量;量;大量alarge/smallquantityof大/少量的largequantitiesof大量的,许多的inquantity/quantities大量地inquantityandquality在数量和质量上【误区点拨】(1)aquantityof/quantitiesof既可修饰可数名词,也可修饰不可数名词。(2)quantitiesof+n.作主语时,谓语动词常用复数。【即时训练】单句语法填空①Peoplearelearninghowtoorganizehuge_________(quantity)ofinformation.②Someofthesewildernessesalsoperformfunctionsthathumansneed—therain-forests,forexample,storecarbon__vastquantities.quantitiesin【知识拓展】英语中表示数量的词和短语有很多,只能修饰可数名词、只能修饰不可数名词或既可修饰可数名词也可修饰不可数名词的分别有:(1)只能修饰可数名词的词语有:many,manya(n),agood/greatmany,a(great/large)numberof,scoresof,dozensof等。(2)只能修饰不可数名词的词语有:much,agreatdealof,agreat/largeamountof,largeamountsof等。(3)既能修饰可数名词又能修饰不可数名词的词语有:alotof,lotsof,plentyof,alargequantityof,quantitiesof等。3.escapev.逃跑,逃脱;避开;漏出;被忘记escape+n./doing逃脱……;逃过……,逃避……escapefrom从……逃跑,逃脱;从……溢出,从……漏出sth.escape(s)sb.某事物被某人忘记;未被注意到anarrowescape九死一生,幸免于难【即时训练】写出黑体部分的意义①Therecyclingprocessofteniscarriedoutinpoorcountries,inpracticallyuncontrolledwayswhichallowmanypoisonoussubstancestoescapeintotheenvironment.()漏出,溢出②(2016·北京高考)Fortunately,Natalie’sfamilyescapedtoBrooklynshortlybeforethecity’sbridgesclosed.()③Withoutthinkinghestartedtorunandluckilyescapedthecat’spaws.()逃跑成功避免第二板块常考短语句式1.earnone’sliving谋生makealiving=earnone’sliving谋生earnone’sownliving自食其力earnsb.areputation/praise为某人赢得名声/赞扬【即时训练】完成句子①Thecompanyhas______________________forreliability.该公司因其诚信可靠而赢得了良好声誉。②Youareoldenoughto__________________.你的年龄已足以自食其力了。earnedagoodreputationearnyourownliving③I’vemadealivinglookingforthebestdealsandexposingtheworsttricks.(短语替换)→I’ve_____________lookingforthebestdealsandexposingtheworsttricks.earnedaliving2.Thetubeswereattachedtoalongstickwhichhelped________________________________________管子都被绑到一根长木棍上,这有助于火箭径直向前飞。“keep+宾语+宾语补足语”结构中,宾语补足语可以是介词短语、名词、形容词、分词等,但高考主要考查分词,其用法如下:keeptherocketmovinginastraightdirection.(1)keep+宾语+过去分词,过去分词和宾语构成被动关系。(2)keep+宾语+现在分词,现在分词和宾语构成主动关系。【即时训练】单句语法填空①Next,keeptheconversation_____(go)byaskingquestionstoshowinterest.②So,ifwehavethiscapabilitybutsomehowlifeseemstokeepus_____(stick),howdowebreakthesepatterns?goingstuck完成句子③Weshould______________________________.我们应保持教室干净、整洁。keepourclassroomcleanandtidy【知识拓展】常见的可接过去分词和现在分词作补足语的动词还有:高考中经常涉及的可以接过去分词或现在分词作宾语补足语的动词有:find,leave,feel,see,hear,have,get等。(注意make通常只以过去分词作宾语补足语,少见以现在分词作宾语补足语)*Don’tleaveherwaitingoutsideintherain.别让她在外面雨中等着。*Whenheopenedhiseyes,hefoundhimselfsurroundedbysomechildren.当他睁开眼睛时,发现被一些孩子围着。【要点拾遗】clearvi.(烟雾)消散;变清澈;(天)变晴vt.使清澈,使清楚,扫清adj.清澈的;晴朗的;清晰的;清楚的(1)clearaway清除;驱散;拿走;收拾clearup放晴;整理;清理;解释(2)clearone’sthroat(说话前)清嗓子make...clear阐明;清楚表明【即时训练】①Inthequietnessofmybedroom,thestorysuddenlyallbecameclearlytome.(改错)______________②MrsSmithfindsithardtoclear___themess,asherchildrenarealwaysinthewaywhenevershetriesto.(填空)clearly改为clearup③Theywantedto________________theydidanimportantandnecessaryjob.他们想表明他们做了一项重要且必要的工作。④Thespeaker_______________tocalltheattentionoftheaudience.发言人清了清嗓子以唤起听众的注意。makeitclearthatclearedhisthroat