基于H型主电路的直流PWM-M可逆调速系统设计

1摘要当今，自动化控制系统已经在各行各业得到了广泛的应用和发展，而直流调速控制作为电气传动的主流在现代化生产中起着主要作用。本文主要研究直流调速系统，它主要由三部分组成，包括控制部分、功率部分、直流电动机。长期以来，直流电动机因其具有调节转速比较灵活、方法简单、易于大范围内平滑调速、控制性能好等特点，一直在传动领域占有统治地位。微机技术的快速发展，在控制领域得到广泛应用。本文对基于微机控制的双闭环可逆直流PWM调速系统进行了较深入的研究，从直流调速系统原理出发，逐步建立了双闭环直流PWM调速系统的数学模型，用微机硬件和软件发展的最新成果，探讨一个将微机和电力拖动控制相结合的新的控制方法，研究工作在对控制对象全面回顾的基础上，重点对控制部分展开研究，它包括对实现控制所需要的硬件和软件的探讨，控制策略和控制算法的探讨等内容。在硬件方面充分利用微机外设接口丰富，运算速度快的特点，采取软件和硬件相结合的措施，实现对转速、电流双闭环调速系统的控制。论文分析了系统工作原理和提高调速性能的方法，研究了IGBT模块应用中驱动、吸收、保护控制等关键技术.在微机控制方面，讨论了数字触发、数字测速、数字PWM调制器、双极式H型PWM变换电路、转速与电流控制器的原理,并给出了软、硬件实现方案。关键词：直流可逆调速，数字触发，PWM,数字控制器基于H型主电路的直流PWM-M可逆调速系统设计2AbstractToday,autocontrolsystemshavebeenwidelyusedanddelelopedineveryWalkoflife,whileDCspeedregulationasthearteryintheareaofelectricdrivesystemsactsthemaineffectinmodernizationproduction.DCspeedregulationismainlymadeupofcontrolunite,poweruniteandDCmotor.Foralongtime,DCmotorhaspossessedthemainroleintheareaofelectricdrivefieldbecauseofitsneatlyadjust,easymethodandsmoothtiminginwiderage,also,itscontrolperformanceisverygood.Withtherapiddevelopmentofmicrocomputer,itiswidelyusedinthecontrolfield.ThispaperreserchesreversibleDC-PWMtimingsystemwithadual-converteranddual-closed-loop.BeginningwiththetheoryoftheDCtimingsystem,thisarticlehasbuildupthemathsmodelofthereversibleDC-PWMtimingsystemwithadual-converteranddual-closed-loop，discussinganewcontrolmethodthatcombinesmicrocomputerwithDC-drive.Basedontheoverallreviewofcontrolobject,theemphasisisputonthepartofcontrolsystem,whichincludesthediscussionofhardwareandsoftware,controlpolicyandalgorithm,etc.Inthehardware,itfullyutilizestheadvantageofmicrocomputerthatareabundantinterfaceandfastspeedsoastorealizethecontrolofthesystem.ThispaperanalyzestheworkingprinciplesofthesystemandsomekeytechnicalissuesoftheapplicationbasedontheIGBTapparatus,whichincludedrivecircuit,snubbercircuit,protectionandcontrollingthequantityofheat,andsoon.Intheaspectofmicrocomputercontrol,ithasdiscussedtheprincipleofnumbertouchoff、numbervelocitytesting、current/velocitycontroller、numberPWMmodulatorandpresentsthehardware/softwareschemetoachieveit.Keywords:reversibleDCtimingsystem,numbertouchoff,Pulse-WidthModulation,numbercontroller3目录摘要......................................................................................................................1Abstract................................................................................................................21引言....................................................................................................................61.1问题的提出..................................................................................................................................61.2PWM控制的现状和分类......................................71.3微机控制电机的发展和现状..................................71.4电机微机控制系统的特点....................................81.5本课题在实际应用方面的意义和价值..........................92微机控制双闭环可逆直流PWM调速系统原理设计........................................102.1系统框图.................................................102.2转速、电流双闭环调速系统及其静特性.......................112.2.1问题的提出..........................................112.2.2转速、电流双闭环调速系统的组成......................122.2.3稳态结构图和静特性..................................122.2.4各变量的稳态工作点和稳态参数计算....................142.3双闭环脉宽调速系统的动态性能.............................152.3.1动态数学模型........................................152.3.2起动过程分析........................................152.3.3动态性能和两个调节器的作用..........................172.4电流调节器和转速调节器的设计.............................192.4.1电流调节器的设计....................................19基于H型主电路的直流PWM-M可逆调速系统设计42.4.2转速调节器的设计....................................203可逆PWM变换器...............................................................................................223.1可逆PWM变换器工作原理...................................223.2PWM控制电路............................................243.2.1脉宽调速系统的开环机械特性..........................253.2.2脉宽调制器和PWM变换器的传递函数....................263.3本章小结.................................................264系统的仿真.....................................................................................................284.1Matlab/Simulink简介.....................................284.2Simulink的启动与界面说明................................284.2.1启动Simulink.......................................284.2.2Simulink的菜单.....................................294.2.3Simulink的功能模块组...............................294.3Simulink的仿真过程......................................294.3.1创建结构图文件......................................294.3.2结构图程序设计......................................294.3.3Simulink仿真的启动与停止...........................304.4建立仿真模型.............................................305H桥PWM直流可逆调速系统的仿真分析及结果...........................................325.1H桥PWM开环调速系统仿真结果.............................325.2H桥PWM双闭环调速系统的仿真结果........................345.3本章小结.................................................3556总结..................................................................................................................36参考文献......................................................