被动语态

被动语态（ThePassiveVoice）：1）主动语态和被动语态：英语动词有两种语态，即主动语态（TheActiveVoice）和被动语态（ThePassiveVoice）。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。如：ManystudentsstudyEnglish.(主动语态)Englishisstudiedbymanystudents.(被动语态)被动语态：当主语为动作的承受者时，用被动语态。结构：be+动词过去分词1)Wecleantheclassroomeveryday.Theclassroomiscleaned(byus)……2)Teachersallowstudentstoweartheirownclothes.Studentsareallowed(byteachers)toweartheirownclothes.一般现在时一般现在时被动语态的用法:1.只知道动作的承受者;如,Anotewaspasseduptothespeaker.2.强调动作的承受者;如,TabletennisisplayedalloverChina.3.不需要指出动作的发出者.如，AnotherbridgehasbeenbuiltacrosstheChangjiangRiver.2)被动语态的结构：被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成，助动词be有人称、数的变化,其变化规则与be作为连系动词时一样。如：Thedeskismadeofwood.Thedesksaremadeofwood.Heisaskedaquestionbytheteacher.Iwasgivenanicepresentbymyfriendyesterday.被动语态的基本结构:be+PP(动词的过去分词）一般现在时:v.be+PP.amisareOurclassroomiscleanedeveryday.Iamaskedtostudyhard.Knivesareusedforcuttingthings+PP.be+PP(动词的过去分词）被动语态的基本结构:一般过去时:S+动词的过去式waswere+PP.1.Iwasinvitedtotheconcert.我应邀参加了音乐会.2.Carswereinventedin1885.汽车是在1885年发明的.被动语态的基本结构:be+PP(动词的过去分词）一般将来时:will+V.be+PP(动词的过去分词）1.Anewhospitalwillbebuiltinourcity.2.Manymoretreeswillbeplantednextyear.被动语态的基本结构:be+PP(动词的过去分词)现在进行时:be+Vingbeing+PP(动词的过去分词）1.Thisquestionisbeingdiscussedatthemeeting.这个问题正在会上讨论.2.Manytreesarebeingcutdown.许多树正在被砍伐.amisare+被动语态的基本结构:be+PP(动词的过去分词）过去进行时:was\were+Vingbeing+PP(动词的过去分词）1.WhenIcalled,teawasbeingserved.我来访时,正值上茶之际.2.WhenIcameback,theboywasbeingbeaten.我回来时,有人正打男孩呢.被动语态的基本结构:be+PP(动词的过去分词）现在完成时:have\has+PPbeen+PP(动词的过去分词）1.Mycarhasbeenrepaired.2.Thisbookhasbeentranslatedintomanylanguages.3.Manyman-madesatelliteshavebeensentupintospacebymanycoutries.被动语态的基本结构:be+PP(动词的过去分词）过去完成时:had+PPbeen+PP(动词的过去分词）1.Tomlookedatthelanternsthathadbeenlightedandplacedneartheopening.汤姆望着那些已经点着并放在洞口附近的提灯.2.Theportieresthathungacrossthefoldingdoorshadbeentakendownforthesummer.折门上面的门帘夏天已经取下来了.被动语态的基本结构:be+PP(动词的过去分词）过去将来时:would+V.be+PP(动词的过去分词）1.Hesaidthatthebridgewouldbebuiltnextyear.他说这座桥明年将建成.2.Anotherhalfhourandalldoorswouldbelocked.再过半小时,所有的门都要上锁.被动语态的基本结构:be+PP(动词的过去分词）情态动词+V.be+PP(动词的过去分词）1.Thismustbedoneassoonaspossible.这件事必须尽快做.2.Thesestairsareverydangerous.Theyshouldberepaired.这楼梯很危险,应该修理了.3.Crosstheroadverycarefully.Lookbothways,oryoumightbeknockeddown.过马路时要非常小心，要看两边,不然会被车撞倒的.含有情态动词的被动语态：1)Teenagersshouldbeallowedtogettheirearspierced.2)Thismustbedoneassoonaspossible.3)Itcanberepaired.结构：情态动词＋be+动词过去分词主动句变为被动句所遵循的4个步骤：1把原主动句中的宾语变为被动句的主语。2把动词变为被动形式即be+过去分词，并注意其人称和数随主语的变化，而动词的时态则保持不变。3原主动句的主语如需要则放在by后面以它的宾格形式出现（注代词的宾格），如不需要则可省略。4其它的成分（定语、状语）不变。主动句与被动句之间的转换Weboughtsomebooks.主语谓语动词主动语态的过去式宾语Somebookswerebought(byus)主语谓语动词被动语态的过去分词介词+宾语Forexample:IloveEnglish.Englishislovedbyme.如何将主动语态变为被动语态?ManypeoplespeakEnglish.(主动语态)Englishisspokenbymanypeople.(被动语态)Thenaughtyboybrokethewindowyesterday.(主动语态)Thewindowwasbroken(bythenaughtyboy)yesterday.(被动语态)Wecanrepairthiswatchintwodays.Thiswatchcanberepairedintwodays.Theyshoulddoitatonce.ItshouldbedoneatonceAllthepeoplelaughedathim.Hewaslaughedatbyallpeople.Theymakethebikesinthefactory.Thebikesaremadebytheminthefactory.Hecutdownatree.Atreewascutdownbyhim.UncleWangismendingmybikenow.MybikeisbeingrepairedbyTomnow.Theyareplantingtreesoverthere.Treesarebeingplantedovertherebythem.Therearetwobookstoberead.Therearetwomoretreestobeplanted.1.Brucewritesalettereveryweek.AletteriswrittenbyBruceeveryweek.2.LiLeimendedthebrokenbikethismorning.ThebrokenbikewasmendedbyLiLeithismorning.3.Hehaswrittentwonovelssofar.Twonovelshavebeenwrittenbyhimsofar.4.Theywillplanttentreestomorrow.Tentreeswillbeplantedbythemtomorrow.5.Lucyiswritingaletternow.AletterisbeingwrittenbyLucynow.6.Youmustlockthedoorwhenyouleave.Thedoormustbelockedwhenyouleave.5)Exercises:一.选择填空:1.Windows_____ofglass.A.bemadeB.ismadeC.aremadeD.beenmade2.Thehouse_____in2004.A.isbuiltB.isbuildingC.wasbuiltD.used3.Acoatcan_____forkeepingwarm.A.beusedB.isusedC.beenusedD.usedCCA•4.Watches____Shanghailastlong.•A.aremadeinB.ismade•C.aremadefromD.made•5.Thisdeskismade_____wood.•A.ofB.fromC.inD.by•6.Thethingsonshowwere____theolddays.•A.usedB.usedtoC.usedforD.usedin•7.Silk_____inHangzhouandSuzhou.•A.isproducedB.areproduced•C.producedD.isproducesAADA1.Ourschool_____＿＿＿＿in2002.(开办)2.Theyoungtreesmust_______________well.(照顾)3._____thisbuilding_________(建成)lastyear?4.Thebook____________(写)byhimlastyear.5.Thebridge______________(不建造)in1989..6.The29thOlympicGameswill__________(举行)inBeijingin2008.wasopenedbelookedafterWasbuiltwaswrittenwasn’tbuiltbeheld将下列句子由主动句变为被动句或由被动句变为主动句：1)ZhengJieinventedthisspecialpen.变被动句2)ThebikewasfixedupbyJimmy.变主动句3)Peopleusesunglassestoprotecttheireyes.4)Teachersallowstudentstoputuphandsinclass.ThisspecialpenwasinventedZhengJie.JimmyfixedupthebikeSunglassesareused(bypeople)toprotecteyes.Studentsareallowed(byteachers)toputuphandsinclass.用所给动词的正确形式填空：1)Thebike__________(fix)upbyXiaoMingyesterday.2)Sunglasses__________(use)forprotectingpeople’seyes.3)Apicture_________(put)upontheblackboard.4)French___________(speak)inFrance.5)Teenagersshould_________(allow)tochoosetheirownclothes.wasfixedareusedisputis