马尔科夫链蒙特卡罗方法研究综述

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200921(297)1,2(1.430060;2.,430081):MCMC,MCMC、,,,。:MCMC;Gibbs;Metropolis-Hastings;:O211.62:A:1002-6487(2009)21-0151-020,,,,(、)、,。,、,,,,,。MCMC(MarkovChainMonteCarlo),,,,。MCMC———1950,,MonteCarlo,MarkovMonteCarlo,,,,MCMC。1MCMCMCMC,:Markov,,,()。覬,n,m,MCMC:(1)Markov。Markov,π(x);(2):覬x(0),(1)Markov,:x(1),…,x(n);(3)。f(x):E[f(x)]=1n-mnt=m+1Σf(x(t))。2MCMCMCMC,,,MCMC,MCMC,GibbsMetropo-lis-Hastings。2.1GibbsGibbs、MCMC,Geman,:x(0)=(x1(0),…,xk(0));π(x1|x2(0),…,xk(0))x1(1);π(x2|x1(1),…,xk(0))x2(1);…π(xj|x1(1),…xj-1(1),xj-1(0),…,xk(0))xj(1);…π(xk|x1(1),…,xk-1(1))xk(1);,x(0)→x(1)。n,x(1),x(2),…,x(n)。,。2.2Metropolis-HastingsMetropolis-HastingsMCMC,Metropolis1953,Hastings,Metropolis-Hastings。:q(x;x(i-1))x(0),ix(i-1),:(1)q(x;x(i-1))x';:2009(2009q017);(250089)151200921(297)(2):α(x(i-1),x')=min{π(x(i-1);x')π(x(i-1))q(x';x(i-1))};(3)α(x(i-1),x'),x(i)=x',1-α(x(i-1),x'),x(i)=x(i-1);(4)(1)-(3)n,x(1),x(2),…,x(n)。,。3MCMCMCMC,??,,,MCMC。。3.1,,,,。,,,,,。3.2,T,js2j,W,B,:R=m-1mW+1mBW姨R1,MCMC,,R1.2,;R,,。3.3TewekeTestTewekeTestZ,:(M)Z,c,M-c,c,M-2c,,K,M-Kc50,KZz,z(-2,2),。4MCMCMCMC(Metropolis,1953),Hasting(1970),、,MCMC、、。、。4.1,MCMC,。、。:Carlin(1992)MCMC,Makov(1996)MCMC;Pai(1997)MCMC,Scollnik(2001)MCMC,Verrall(2004),,。,::(2001)MCMC;(2005)MCMCPoisson;(2006)MCMC,(2006),MCMC;(2007)MCMC,,。4.2,、,MCMC,、。:Carlin(1995)MCMC;Bauwens(1998)GibbsGARCH;Richard(1999)MCMCIRT;Chris(2002)MCMC;Allan(2003)MCMC;Siddhartha(2002)MCMCSV;Dhiman(2004)MCMCGARCH;,(2004)MCMCSV;(2005)MCMCAR(p);(2006)MCMCARMA,。4.3MCMC,VaR,:(2000)MCMCVaR;(2003)MCMCVaR,;(2008),MCMC。,MCMC、、。:(2003)MCMC,MCMC;(2004)MCMC;(2008)MCMC,152200921(297)VasicekCIR。,MCMC、、、,,。5MCMCMCMC,WinBUGS(WindowsBayesianInferenceUsingGibbsSampling)、BACC(BayesianAnalysisComputa-tionandCommunication)、R(TheRsystemofstatisticalcomputationandgraphics),WinBUGS。WinBUGSImperialCollegeMRC(MedicalResearchCouncil)MCMC。WinBUGSGibbs,,,,。WinBUGS(directedgraphicalmodel),。Gibbs,、、95%,、Gibbs,、。,MCMC,。MCMC,MCMC,。:[1]GemanS,StochasticRelaxation.GibbsDistributionandtheBayesianRestorationofImages[J].IEEETransactionsonPatternAnalysisandMachineIntelligence,1984,(6).[2]MetropolisN.EquationsofStateCalculationsbyFastComputingMachine[J].JournalofChemicalPhysics,1953,(21).[3]Scollnik.D.P.M.ActuarialModelingwithMCMCandBUGS[J].NorthAmericanActuarialJournal,2001,(20).[4].WinBUGS[J].,2007,(6).[5].[J].,2007,(6).(/)1,2(1.,066004;2.,330027):GM(1,1),pGM(1,1),p。p,,p。:pGM(1,1);;:N941:A:1002-6487(2009)21-0153-02pGM(1,1)p0,GM(1,1),[1]。GM(1,1),,。GM(1,1)[2],GM(1,1)[3],pGM(1,1)[4],。pGM(1,1)p,p[4],p0.01,0.01,pGM(1,1),,p=0.99,p,。GM(1,1),pGM(1,1)pp,p。1GM(1,1)x(0)GM(1,1),x(0)=(x(0)(1),x(0)(2),…,x(0)(n)),x(1)x(0)AGO,x(1)(1)=x(0)(1);153

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