高一(三)班刘老师(1)表示经常,反复发生的动作或存在的状态。Weoftengotoschool.Sheisateacher.(2)表示客观事实或普遍真理。Thesunrisesintheeast.Threeplustwoisfive.(3)arrive,be,begin,go,leave,return,come,start等表示按计划发生的动作或状态。Mytrainleavesat6:00.(4)在时间或条件状语从句中用一般现在时代替一般将来时(if,when,incase假使,万一,before,after,until,unless,assoonas…)IwillletyouknowassoonasIhearfromyou.(5)here,there开头的一般现在时表示正在发生的动作。Theregoesthebell.Herecomestheteacher.(6)图片,电影的说明,解说;戏剧的内容等。一般现在时标志词:yesterday/lastweek/theotherday不久前的一天/…ago…以前/in1980/justnow…(1)表示过去经常,反复发生的动作或存在的状态。WhenIwasachild,Ioftenwenttothatpark.(2)表示过去发生的短暂的动作。Themurderer(凶手,杀人犯)diedinacaraccident.(3)在时间,条件状语从句中用一般过去时代替过去将来时。Hesaidwhenshecamehewouldtellher.一般过去时(1)表示将来某一时刻的动作或状态,或将来某一时间内经常的动作或状态。Iwillgotoschooltomorrow.Shallwegotothepark?注意:shall用于第一人称,will都可以。(2)begoingto+动词原形多用于口语,表示打算,计划,准备即将做某事。TheyaregoingtoAustralia.(3)betodosth(安排好的事,按规则,惯例;或表命令要求)Trump(特朗普)istotakeoffice(就职,上任)tomorrow.Youarenottosmokeintheoffice.(4)beabouttodosth马上很快就要发生的事(不和具体的时间状语搭配)Hurryup!Themovieisabouttobegin.Thetrainisabouttoleave.(正确)Thetrainisabouttoleaveinfiveminutes/at9:00.(错误)Iwasabouttofallasleepwhentheteachercalledmyname.(beabouttodo…when…正要做…这时…)注意:withinfiveminutes五分钟之内infiveminutes用于一般将来时多翻译成五分钟之后,用于过去时可翻译成五分钟之内。一般将来时构成:(am/is/are+v-ing)(1)表示此时此刻正在进行或发生的动作(标志词:look,now,atthemoment此刻现在)Heishavingameetingnow.Look!Theyaredacing.(2)表示现阶段正在进行而说话时不一定正在进行的动作。(标志词:thesedays,thisweek,thismonth,thisterm这个学期….)Whatishedoingthisweek?Heiswritinganovel.(3)表示按计划安排即将发生的动作(如go,come,leave,arrive等)Thetrainisleavingin15minutes.(4)现在进行时常与副词always,constantly(经常地,不断地),forever等连用表示反复出现或习惯性动作,含有责备,批评,不满,厌恶,遗憾等情感。Youarealwaysfindingfaultswithme.(5)表示过程Itisgettinghot.现在进行时构成:was/were+v-ing1.过去某时刻正在做的事情。Whatwasshedoingatnineo’clockyesterday?2.过去某阶段正在做的事。ShewasstudyinginBeijingUniversityatthattime.3.过去进行时表将来(come/go/arrive/leave/start/begin/return等)WewereexcitedbecausewewereflyingtoParisthenextmorning.4.表达一种情绪。Hewasalwaysringingmeup(厌烦)5.客气委婉地表达自己的想法。Iwashopingyoucouldreconsider(重新考虑)mysuggestion.过去进行时构成:shall/willbedoing(1)表将来某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作。Iwillbewritinganarticle.Whenyougettothestationatninetomorrow,yourunclewillbewaitingforyouthere.(2)表示按计划将要发生的动作TheywillbehavingtheirholidayinAugust.Ihopeyouwillbecomingontime.将来进行时构成:have/has+done标志词:already,yet已经,sofar,bynow,twodaysago,recently/lately最近,forafewdays,uptonow,uptillnow,for+一段时间,duringthepast+一段时间,since+时间点(从……时间以来)等。1.表示从过去某一时间开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。Hehaslivedheresinehewasborn.Ihavebeenillfortwoweeks.注意:此时需要用持续性/延续性动词,如:saty,keep,know,work,sleep,study,lie,rain…2.表示过去发生的对现在有影响的动作Ihavelostmykey(我进不了门)Theelevatorhasbrokendown.(我们可能得爬楼梯…)固定句型:1.It/this/thatis(was)the+序数词time(that)sb+have/hasdonesthItisthefirsttimethatIhavecometoBeijing.2.it/this/thatis(was)the+形容词最高级sth+(that)sbhas/havedone.ThisisthemostexcitingmoviethatIhaveseen.3.Ithasbeen+时长+sbdidsthIthasbeensevenyearssinceIlastsawhim.现在完成时1.Hehasdiedforfiveyears.(错误)Hehasbeendeadforfiveyears.(正确)2.Ihaveboughtthehouseforthreeyears.(错误)Ihavehadthehouseforthreeyears.(正确)短暂动词的转换:leave离开-beawayborrow借-keeparrive到达-be(in)marry结婚-bemarried(to)join加入某组织-bein1.Heboughtahouse(买了房子,现在可能拥有,可能卖掉了)Hehasboughtahouse(现在已拥有房子)2.Ilivedherefortenyears.(现在不住在这儿)Ihavelivedherefortenyears.(现在仍住在这儿)现在完成时构成:had+done1.表示在某一时刻之前已经开始,并一直延续到那一时刻或在那时刻之前已经完成的动作Bytheendoflastyear,wehadlearned1000words.2.有些动词如hope,intend打算,plan,mean打算,expect,think,want,suppose认为,wish的过去完成时可表示过去未曾实现的希望,打算或意图。Wehadplannedfor20guestsbutonly10arrived.过去完成时(过去的过去)shall/will+havedone1.表示动作或状态延续到将来的某一时间。Weshallhavewalkedalongwaybeforewereachthevillage.2.表示动作或状态在将来某一时间之前已经结束,但其影响却延续到那一时间。Ishallhavefinishedmyhomeworkbyteno’clock.将来完成时构成:have/has+been+doing(1)表示动作从过去一直持续到现在,有可能继续持续下去。Wherehaveyoubeenlivingtheseyears?Theyhavebeenworkingfortwohours.(2)表示不久前刚结束的动作。Sorry,I’mlate.Howlonghaveyoubeenwaitingforme?现在完成进行时构成:shall/will+havebeendoing表示动作从过去某一时间开始,持续到将来的某一时刻,很可能还会持续下去Ishallhavebeenworkinghereinthisfactoryfortwentyyearsbytheendoftheyear.到今年年底,我将在这个工厂工作20年了。将来完成进行时构成:had+been+doing表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到过去的另一时间还在进行的动作。Whenhecamein,wehadbeentalkingforanhour.过去完成进行时1.不定冠词:aanThisisabook.Thisisanelephant.2.定冠词:the(1)指双方都明白的事物。Takethemedicinethreetimesaday.(2)指上文提到过的人或事。Heboughtahouse.Ihavebeentothehouse.(3)指世界上独一无二的(theson/earth/moon)Themoonisbig.(4)指一类人(theyoung/thepoor/theold……)Therichliveahappylife.(5)表示一家人TheGreensarekindtome.(6)乐器前playtheviolin(小提琴)/piano(7)形容词最高级前面要用the(副词最高级前面的the可省略)SheisthemostbeautifulHedrawsbest.(副词well的最高级)(8)特指(专有名词)前TheOlympicGameswasheldinBeijingin2008.冠词1.一般加s,以s,x,sh,ch结尾的加es.2.以o结尾的有生命的加es,无生命的加s3.以f/fe结尾的改为v+esknife-knivesleaf叶子-leaves4.不可数名词advice,information,news,baggage行李,luggage行李,furniture家具,homework,equipment设备装备,traffic交通,progress进步发展,wealth财富,rubbish垃圾……5.集体名词如:team,group,school,class,family,government,committee(委员会)等强调整体时谓语动词用单数,强调成员时谓语动词用复数。名词变复数6.只有复数:clothes,trousers,good(bad)manners有(无)礼貌;好(坏)习惯,congratulations祝贺,goods货物,means(手段),works(作品),lines(歌词,台词),takearms(拿起武器)….7.单复同行:sheep,deer,Chinese8.合成名词:passer(s)-by路人,行人looker(s)-on旁观者daughter(s)-inlaw儿媳妇9.特殊变化man-mentooth-teethf