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污水处理及中水回用工程1王者天下建爱千秋海纳百川污水处理及中水回用工程2目录摘要----------------------------------------------------------------------2ABSTRACT-------------------------------------------------------------3第一篇设计说明书--------------------------------------------------3第一章设计资料--------------------------------------------------4第二章处理设计--------------------------------------------------7第三章构筑物设计----------------------------------------------12第二篇设计计算书-------------------------------------------------21第一章构筑物设计计算----------------------------------------21第二章污泥处理设计计算-------------------------------------40第三章高程计算-------------------------------------------------45参考文献--------------------------------------------------------------47参考资料--------------------------------------------------------------48污水处理及中水回用工程3设计摘要Carrousel氧化沟处理污水的原理最初的普通Carrousel氧化沟的工艺中污水直接与回流污泥一起进入氧化沟系统。表面曝气机使混合液中溶解氧DO的浓度增加到大约2～3mg/L。在这种充分掺氧的条件下，微生物得到足够的溶解氧来去除BOD；同时，氨也被氧化成硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐，此时，混合液处于有氧状态。在曝气机下游，水流由曝气区的湍流状态变成之后的平流状态，水流维持在最小流速，保证活性污泥处于悬浮状态（平均流速0.3m/s）。微生物的氧化过程消耗了水中溶解氧，直到DO值降为零，混合液呈缺氧状态。经过缺氧区的反硝化作用，混合液进入有氧区，完成一次循环。该系统中，BOD降解是一个连续过程，硝化作用和反硝化作用发生在同一池中。由于结构的限制，这种氧化沟虽然可以有效的去处BOD，但除磷脱氮的能力有限[7]。为了取得更好的除磷脱氮的效果，Carrousel2000系统在普通Carrousel氧化沟前增加了一个厌氧区和绝氧区（又称前反硝化区）。全部回流污泥和10-30%的污水进入厌氧区，可将回流污泥中的残留硝酸氮在缺氧和10-30%碳源条件下完成反硝化，为以后的绝氧池创造绝氧条件。同时，厌氧区中的兼性细菌将可溶性BOD转化成VFA，聚磷菌获得VFA将其同化成PHB，所需能量来源于聚磷的水解并导致磷酸盐的释放。厌氧区出水进入内部安装有搅拌器的绝氧区，所谓绝氧就是池内混合液既无分子氧，也无化合物氧（硝酸根），在此绝氧环境下，70-90%的污水可提供足够的碳源，使聚磷菌能充分释磷。绝氧区后接普通Carrousel氧化沟系统，进一步完成去除BOD、脱氮和除磷。最后，混合液在氧化沟富氧区排出，在富氧环境下聚磷菌过量吸磷，将磷从水中转移到污泥中，随剩余污泥排出系统。这样，在Carrousel2000系统内，较好的同时完成了去除BOD、COD和脱氮除磷[8]。关键词：Carrousel氧化沟除磷脱氮结构机理污水处理及中水回用工程43.1TheCarrouseloxidizestheditchhandlesdirtyandaqueousprincipleTheatthebeginningcommonCarrouseloxidizesthedirtywaterininsideincraftoftheditchdirectwithdirtymireinrefluxtogetherenteroxidizetheditchsystem.ThesurfacespiritmachinemakesfuseintheliquidofadmixturethedensityoftheoxygenDOincreasesabout2the3mgs/L.Underthiskindofwellthetermoftheoxygen,themicroorganismgetstheenoughdeliquescenceoxygencomesandgotodividedbytheBOD;Atthesametime,theammoniaweretoooxidizednitratewithsecondnitrate,thistime,mixwiththeliquidbeplacedintheoxygenappearance.Inthespiritmachinedownstream,afterwatercurrentbebecomebytheswiftflowappearanceofthespiritDistrictofevenflowtheappearance,thewatercurrentmaintainsintheminimumcurrentvelocity,guaranteeingtheliveanddirtymirebeplacedinthefloatstheappearance.(averagecurrentvelocity0.3ms/s)Oxidizemicrobiallytheprocessconsumedtofusetheoxygeninthewater,untilthevalueofDOdeclinesforzero,mixingwiththeliquidreporttheanoxiaappearance.Versanitricthatturnthefunctionthroughanoxiaarea,mixwiththeliquidentertohavetheoxygenarea,completingoncecirculating.Thatsysteminside,theBODdeclinesthesolutionisacontinuousprocess,thenitricturnsthefunctiontoturnwiththeversanitricthefunctiontakeplaceinsamepond.Becauseofstructuralrestrict,thiskindofoxidizetheditchalthoughcanthenvalidwhereaboutsBOD,dividedbythephosphorustakeoffthenitrogenousabilitylimited[7].Forthesakeoftheacquisitionbetterdividedbythephosphorustakeoffthenitrogenousresult,Carrousel2000systemsincreasedaoxygenDistrictbeforecommonCarrouseloxidizeditchwiththeuniqueoxygenarea.(callagainthattheversanitricinfrontturnsthe污水处理及中水回用工程5area)ThedirtymireinallrefluxesenterstheanaerobicDistrictwith10-30%dirtywater,canundertheanoxiawith10-30%carbonsourcetermcompleteremainingofdirtymireinrefluxinsidenitricacidnitrogentoversanitrictoturn,createsfortheuniqueoxygenpondofhereafteruniqueoxygenterm.Atthesametime,anaerobicDistrictinsideofconcurrentlythesexgermsconvertthedissolubilityBODVFA,thegermacquiretheVFAitsassimilationPHB,theenergysourceneededsolvesinthephosphoricwaterandcausephosphaticreleasing.TheanaerobicDistrictawaterenterstheinnerpartinstallstheuniqueoxygenareathathavethemixer,theso-calleduniqueoxygenisapondinsidetomixwithliquidsincehavenothenumeratoroxygen,alsohavenothecompoundoxygen(nitricacidroot),thehereuniqueoxygenenvironmentisnext,70-90%dirtywatercanprovidetheenoughcarbonsource,canmakethegermofreleasedthephosphoruswell.TheuniqueoxygenareaconnectsbehindthecommonCarrouseloxidizestheditchsystem,furthercompletingtodoawaywiththeBODandtakeoffthenitrogenwithdividedbythephosphorus.Finally,mixwiththeliquidtransferthedirtymireinsideinoxidizeditchenrichoxygenareaeject,whileenrichingtheoxygenenvironmentgermsurfeit,phosphorusfromthewater,ejectingthesystemwiththedirtymireinsurplus.Likethis,inCarrousel2000systems,thancompletedtodoawaywiththeBOD,CODwithtakeoffatthesametimegoodlythenitrogendividedbythephosphorus.Keyphrase:TheCarrouseloxidizestheditchdividedsbythephosphortakesoffthenitrogenconstructionmechanism污水厂设计说明书一．设计资料1、本毕业设计（论文）课题应达到的目的：污水处理及中水回用工程6①进一步巩固及深化对污水处理技术基本概念与基本理论知识的理解；培养学生综合运用所学各门课程基本理论、基本知识和基本技能、分析解决实际工程问题能力。②学习掌握根据实际水量及水质、排放要求定出合适的工艺流程。③学习常用设计资料的一般应用方法。④培养学生运用理论知识分析问题与解决问题的初步能力。⑤学习绘制平面图、流程图及施工图的方法与技巧，为走上工作岗位之前打下良好的专业基础。2.概况北京某小区是北京市建筑标准较高的住宅区，小区北临南护城河，居住人口4.6万。为保护小区优美环境，同步建设小区污水处理厂，主要处理来自住宅区的全部生活污水，要求处理后的水作为中水回用，包括喷洒马路，浇灌花卉及冲洗居室马桶，作为附近工厂的冷却水。服务区内居住建筑有较完善的给排水卫生设备，排水体制为完全分流制。厂区地形平坦，污水厂地面标高为72.00m，污水厂坐标定位：西